/* ===== style.css ===== */
/*
Theme Name: Journal Theme
Theme URI: https://ijgaai.com/
Author: Journal Theme
Description: Native-builder academic journal WordPress theme with one-paste full Footer HTML Composer, row/column/box/divider tools, site-wide justified paragraph control, responsive fluid typography with live preview, customizable header, footer, indexing strip, homepage sections and layouts; Elementor optional; mobile-first scholarly UI, plugin-safe layouts, 100K+ indexed-query integration, OAI-PMH discovery and hardened JRP/Payment compatibility.
Version: 2.4.0
Requires at least: 6.2
Tested up to: 6.8
Requires PHP: 7.4
License: GNU General Public License v2 or later
License URI: https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-2.0.html
Text Domain: ijgaai-journal
Tags: education, news, custom-logo, custom-menu, featured-images, full-width-template, two-columns
*/

:root {
  --ij-primary: #005b96;
  --ij-primary-dark: #003c68;
  --ij-secondary: #0b87b9;
  --ij-accent: #79c843;
  --ij-text: #16324a;
  --ij-muted: #66788a;
  --ij-line: #dce6ee;
  --ij-soft: #f4f8fb;
  --ij-white: #ffffff;
  --ij-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(0, 54, 92, .08);
  --ij-radius: 10px;
  --ij-container: 1180px;
}

* { box-sizing: border-box; }
html { scroll-behavior: smooth; }
body {
  margin: 0;
  background: #fff;
  color: var(--ij-text);
  font-family: Inter, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;
  line-height: 1.65;
}
a { color: var(--ij-primary); text-decoration: none; }
a:hover { color: var(--ij-secondary); }
img { max-width: 100%; height: auto; }
button, input, select, textarea { font: inherit; }
.ij-container { width: min(calc(100% - 32px), var(--ij-container)); margin-inline: auto; }
.screen-reader-text { position: absolute; width: 1px; height: 1px; padding: 0; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; clip: rect(0,0,0,0); white-space: nowrap; border: 0; }

/* Top bar */
.ij-topbar { background: linear-gradient(90deg, #045a91, #003b66); color: #fff; font-size: 13px; }
.ij-topbar-inner { min-height: 34px; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: 20px; }
.ij-topbar a { color: #fff; }
.ij-topbar-left, .ij-topbar-right { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 18px; flex-wrap: wrap; }
.ij-topbar .sep { opacity: .45; }

/* Branding */
.ij-branding { background: #fff; }
.ij-branding-inner { min-height: 112px; display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0,1fr) auto; align-items: center; gap: 32px; padding: 16px 0; }
.ij-brand-block { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 22px; min-width: 0; }
.custom-logo-link { flex: 0 0 auto; display: inline-flex; }
.custom-logo { width: 92px; height: 92px; border-radius: 50%; object-fit: cover; }
.ij-brand-copy { min-width: 0; }
.ij-site-title { margin: 0; font: 700 clamp(24px,3vw,34px)/1.15 Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; color: #083f70; }
.ij-site-title a { color: inherit; display: inline-block; }
.ij-tagline { margin: 8px 0 0; color: #294d6b; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 17px; }
.ij-brand-meta { text-align: right; min-width: 280px; }
.ij-issn { margin-bottom: 14px; color: #274d6d; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.6; }
.ij-search { display: flex; justify-content: flex-end; }
.ij-search form { display: flex; width: 100%; max-width: 330px; border: 1px solid #cbd9e4; border-radius: 5px; overflow: hidden; background: #fff; }
.ij-search input { flex: 1; border: 0; padding: 10px 12px; outline: 0; min-width: 0; }
.ij-search button { width: 44px; border: 0; background: var(--ij-primary); color: #fff; cursor: pointer; }

/* Navigation */
.ij-nav { background: linear-gradient(90deg, #00649c, #004576); color: #fff; box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.08); position: relative; z-index: 20; }
.ij-nav-inner { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; min-height: 48px; }
.ij-menu { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 0; list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; }
.ij-menu li { position: relative; }
.ij-menu > li > a { color: #fff; display: block; padding: 14px 16px; font-size: 14px; }
.ij-menu > li.current-menu-item > a, .ij-menu > li > a:hover { background: #177cc1; color: #fff; }
.ij-menu .sub-menu { display: none; position: absolute; top: 100%; left: 0; min-width: 220px; margin: 0; padding: 8px 0; list-style: none; background: #fff; box-shadow: var(--ij-shadow); border-radius: 0 0 8px 8px; }
.ij-menu li:hover > .sub-menu { display: block; }
.ij-menu .sub-menu a { display: block; padding: 9px 14px; color: var(--ij-text); }
.ij-menu .sub-menu a:hover { background: #eef6fb; color: var(--ij-primary); }
.ij-menu-toggle { display: none; border: 0; background: transparent; color: #fff; font-size: 26px; padding: 6px 0; }

/* Hero */
.ij-hero { position: relative; min-height: 335px; display: flex; align-items: center; color: #fff; background: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(0,43,73,.92), rgba(0,74,112,.55)), var(--ij-hero-image, linear-gradient(135deg,#0b557c,#88b75c)); background-size: cover; background-position: center; overflow: hidden; }
.ij-hero::after { content: ""; position: absolute; inset: auto 0 0 0; height: 72px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, rgba(0,30,50,.16)); pointer-events: none; }
.ij-hero-content { position: relative; z-index: 2; max-width: 760px; padding: 48px 0; }
.ij-hero h1 { margin: 0 0 12px; font: 700 clamp(36px,5vw,56px)/1.05 Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; letter-spacing: -.5px; }
.ij-hero .accent { color: #a8ef57; display: block; }
.ij-hero p { font-size: 18px; margin: 0 0 24px; color: rgba(255,255,255,.95); }
.ij-btn { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; gap: 8px; min-height: 44px; padding: 10px 18px; border: 1px solid transparent; border-radius: 7px; background: var(--ij-primary); color: #fff; font-weight: 700; transition: .2s ease; }
.ij-btn:hover { background: var(--ij-secondary); color: #fff; transform: translateY(-1px); }
.ij-btn-light { background: #fff; color: #07477b; }
.ij-btn-light:hover { background: #f1f7fb; color: #07477b; }
.ij-btn-outline { background: #fff; color: var(--ij-primary); border-color: var(--ij-primary); }
.ij-btn-outline:hover { background: var(--ij-primary); color: #fff; }

/* Quick cards */
.ij-quicklinks-wrap { background: #fff; padding: 16px 0 8px; }
.ij-quicklinks { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(4,1fr); gap: 18px; }
.ij-quick-card { display: flex; gap: 14px; align-items: center; min-height: 76px; padding: 15px 18px; border: 1px solid #dfe9f1; border-radius: 7px; background: linear-gradient(180deg,#fff,#f8fbfd); box-shadow: 0 4px 16px rgba(0,71,112,.04); }
.ij-quick-icon { width: 40px; height: 40px; border-radius: 7px; display: grid; place-items: center; flex: 0 0 auto; background: #e8f6fc; color: var(--ij-secondary); font-weight: 900; font-size: 20px; }
.ij-quick-card strong { display: block; color: #073f70; font-size: 14px; }
.ij-quick-card span { display: block; color: var(--ij-muted); font-size: 12px; }

/* Content */
.ij-main { padding: 8px 0 0; }
.ij-home-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0,2.25fr) minmax(260px,.75fr); gap: 20px; align-items: start; }
.ij-panel { background: #fff; border: 1px solid #e0e8ee; border-radius: var(--ij-radius); box-shadow: 0 5px 18px rgba(2,57,92,.035); }
.ij-current { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 180px 1fr; gap: 24px; padding: 20px; margin: 10px 0 24px; align-items: center; }
.ij-current-cover { aspect-ratio: 3/4; background: linear-gradient(150deg,#0b5074,#58a866); border-radius: 2px; overflow: hidden; box-shadow: 0 8px 24px rgba(0,50,80,.13); }
.ij-current-cover img { width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; }
.ij-current h2 { margin: 0 0 5px; font: 700 27px/1.2 Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; color: #073f70; }
.ij-current h3 { margin: 0 0 12px; font: 700 24px/1.25 Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; color: #073f70; }
.ij-current p { color: #38566e; margin: 0 0 18px; }
.ij-button-row { display: flex; gap: 12px; flex-wrap: wrap; }
.ij-section-head { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; gap: 18px; align-items: center; margin: 24px 0 13px; }
.ij-section-head h2 { margin: 0; font: 700 25px/1.2 Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; color: #073f70; }
.ij-section-head a { font-size: 13px; font-weight: 600; }
.ij-articles { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3,1fr); gap: 16px; }
.ij-article-card { border: 1px solid #e1e9ef; background: #fff; border-radius: 7px; overflow: hidden; display: flex; flex-direction: column; min-width: 0; }
.ij-article-thumb { aspect-ratio: 16/7.6; background: #dce9ef; overflow: hidden; }
.ij-article-thumb img { width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; transition: transform .3s ease; }
.ij-article-card:hover .ij-article-thumb img { transform: scale(1.035); }
.ij-article-body { padding: 13px 14px 14px; display: flex; flex: 1; flex-direction: column; }
.ij-badge { align-self: flex-start; font-size: 10px; line-height: 1; padding: 5px 7px; border-radius: 999px; background: #dff5f1; color: #097264; font-weight: 700; margin-bottom: 8px; }
.ij-article-title { margin: 0 0 8px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.35; font-weight: 800; color: #113f69; }
.ij-article-title a { color: inherit; }
.ij-article-meta { color: #506a7f; font-size: 11px; margin-top: auto; }
.ij-article-links { display: flex; gap: 10px; flex-wrap: wrap; border-top: 1px solid #edf2f5; margin-top: 12px; padding-top: 10px; font-size: 11px; }

/* Sidebar */
.ij-sidebar-panel { margin: 10px 0 18px; overflow: hidden; }
.ij-panel-title { margin: 0; padding: 12px 16px; background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f5fafd,#edf5f9); border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e8ee; color: #0d446f; font: 700 18px/1.2 Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; }
.ij-link-list { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 4px 0; }
.ij-link-list li { border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f5; }
.ij-link-list li:last-child { border-bottom: 0; }
.ij-link-list a { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; gap: 12px; padding: 11px 15px; color: #184b73; font-size: 13px; }
.ij-link-list a:hover { background: #f8fbfd; }
.ij-announcement { padding: 14px 16px; border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f5; }
.ij-announcement:last-child { border-bottom: 0; }
.ij-announcement strong { color: #164a75; font-size: 13px; display: block; margin-bottom: 3px; }
.ij-announcement p { margin: 0; color: #5f7484; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.5; }

/* Stats */
.ij-stats { margin-top: 36px; background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f8fbfd,#eef5f9); border-top: 1px solid #e4edf3; border-bottom: 1px solid #e4edf3; }
.ij-stats-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(5,1fr); padding: 23px 0; }
.ij-stat { padding: 0 18px; border-right: 1px solid #d7e3eb; display: flex; gap: 12px; align-items: center; justify-content: center; }
.ij-stat:last-child { border-right: 0; }
.ij-stat-icon { font-size: 31px; color: #1774c4; }
.ij-stat strong { display: block; color: #0b406b; font: 700 20px/1.1 Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; }
.ij-stat span { color: #617485; font-size: 12px; }

/* Standard pages */
.ij-content-wrap { padding: 34px 0 48px; }
.ij-content-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0,2.3fr) minmax(260px,.7fr); gap: 32px; }
.ij-entry { min-width: 0; }
.ij-entry-header { border-bottom: 1px solid #e3ebf1; padding-bottom: 15px; margin-bottom: 22px; }
.ij-entry-title { margin: 0 0 8px; color: #073f70; font: 700 clamp(28px,4vw,40px)/1.18 Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; }
.ij-entry-meta { color: #708393; font-size: 13px; }
.ij-entry-content { font-size: 16px; }
.ij-entry-content h2, .ij-entry-content h3 { color: #0a4776; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 1.3; }
.ij-entry-content table { border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; }
.ij-entry-content th, .ij-entry-content td { border: 1px solid #dce5ec; padding: 9px 10px; }
.ij-entry-content blockquote { border-left: 4px solid var(--ij-secondary); margin-left: 0; padding: 10px 18px; background: #f7fbfd; }
.ij-post-list { display: grid; gap: 16px; }
.ij-post-row { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 210px 1fr; gap: 18px; border: 1px solid #e0e8ee; border-radius: 8px; overflow: hidden; background: #fff; }
.ij-post-row-thumb { min-height: 145px; background: #edf3f6; }
.ij-post-row-thumb img { width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; }
.ij-post-row-body { padding: 15px 18px 15px 0; }
.ij-post-row h2 { margin: 0 0 7px; font: 700 22px/1.25 Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; }
.ij-pagination { margin-top: 24px; }
.nav-links { display: flex; gap: 8px; flex-wrap: wrap; }
.page-numbers { padding: 7px 11px; border: 1px solid #d6e2ea; border-radius: 5px; }
.page-numbers.current { background: var(--ij-primary); color: #fff; border-color: var(--ij-primary); }

/* Article detail helpers */
.ij-article-info { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(4,1fr); gap: 10px; margin: 18px 0 22px; }
.ij-info-box { border: 1px solid #e0e8ee; background: #f8fbfd; padding: 10px 12px; border-radius: 6px; }
.ij-info-box small { display: block; color: #738696; font-size: 10px; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: .4px; }
.ij-info-box strong { color: #174c76; font-size: 12px; }
.ij-abstract-box { border: 1px solid #dfe8ef; border-left: 4px solid var(--ij-secondary); background: #fbfdfe; padding: 18px 20px; margin: 20px 0; }
.ij-abstract-box h2 { margin-top: 0; font-size: 22px; }

/* Footer */
.ij-footer { background: linear-gradient(105deg,#064a73,#00375e); color: #dcecf6; margin-top: 0; }
.ij-footer-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1.2fr .9fr .9fr .9fr; gap: 40px; padding: 42px 0 38px; }
.ij-footer h3 { margin: 0 0 14px; color: #fff; font: 700 17px/1.2 Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; }
.ij-footer p, .ij-footer li, .ij-footer a { color: #dcecf6; font-size: 13px; }
.ij-footer ul { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; }
.ij-footer li { margin: 7px 0; }
.ij-footer a:hover { color: #fff; text-decoration: underline; }
.ij-footer-bottom { background: rgba(0,0,0,.14); border-top: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.08); }
.ij-footer-bottom-inner { min-height: 52px; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: 20px; font-size: 12px; }

/* Widgets */
.widget { margin-bottom: 20px; border: 1px solid #e0e8ee; border-radius: 8px; padding: 16px; }
.widget-title { margin: -16px -16px 14px; padding: 11px 16px; background: #f2f7fa; color: #0b4675; font: 700 18px/1.2 Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; }
.widget ul { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; }
.widget li { padding: 7px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f5; }
.widget li:last-child { border-bottom: 0; }

/* Responsive */
@media (max-width: 980px) {
  .ij-branding-inner { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 12px; }
  .ij-brand-meta { text-align: left; min-width: 0; }
  .ij-search { justify-content: flex-start; }
  .ij-home-grid, .ij-content-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .ij-quicklinks { grid-template-columns: repeat(2,1fr); }
  .ij-articles { grid-template-columns: repeat(2,1fr); }
  .ij-stats-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(3,1fr); row-gap: 20px; }
  .ij-stat:nth-child(3) { border-right: 0; }
  .ij-footer-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2,1fr); }
  .ij-article-info { grid-template-columns: repeat(2,1fr); }
}

@media (max-width: 760px) {
  .ij-topbar-inner { align-items: flex-start; flex-direction: column; gap: 4px; padding: 7px 0; }
  .ij-topbar-right { display: none; }
  .ij-brand-block { align-items: flex-start; gap: 14px; }
  .custom-logo { width: 72px; height: 72px; }
  .ij-site-title { font-size: 25px; }
  .ij-tagline { font-size: 14px; }
  .ij-menu-toggle { display: block; }
  .ij-menu-wrap { display: none; position: absolute; left: 0; top: 100%; right: 0; background: #004b7d; padding: 8px 16px 12px; }
  .ij-menu-wrap.open { display: block; }
  .ij-menu { display: block; }
  .ij-menu > li > a { padding: 10px 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.12); }
  .ij-menu .sub-menu { display: block; position: static; box-shadow: none; background: rgba(255,255,255,.06); border-radius: 0; padding: 0 0 0 10px; }
  .ij-menu .sub-menu a { color: #fff; }
  .ij-hero { min-height: 310px; }
  .ij-hero h1 { font-size: 38px; }
  .ij-quicklinks { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .ij-current { grid-template-columns: 120px 1fr; gap: 16px; padding: 16px; }
  .ij-current h2 { font-size: 23px; }
  .ij-current h3 { font-size: 20px; }
  .ij-articles { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .ij-stats-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; }
  .ij-stat { border-right: 0; justify-content: flex-start; }
  .ij-footer-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 24px; }
  .ij-footer-bottom-inner { flex-direction: column; align-items: flex-start; padding: 14px 0; }
  .ij-post-row { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .ij-post-row-body { padding: 0 16px 16px; }
  .ij-post-row-thumb { min-height: 180px; }
}

@media (max-width: 480px) {
  .ij-container { width: min(calc(100% - 22px), var(--ij-container)); }
  .ij-brand-block { flex-direction: column; }
  .ij-current { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .ij-current-cover { width: 150px; }
  .ij-stats-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .ij-article-info { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
}

/* ===== journal.css ===== */
/* Journal publishing components */
.ij-social-top { font-weight: 800; opacity: .95; }
.ij-card-authors { font-size: 11px; color: #355c79; margin: 0 0 7px; line-height: 1.45; }
.ij-row-actions { display: flex; gap: 16px; flex-wrap: wrap; font-size: 13px; font-weight: 700; }

.ij-breadcrumbs { display: flex; gap: 8px; align-items: center; flex-wrap: wrap; margin: -10px 0 22px; color: #758999; font-size: 12px; }
.ij-breadcrumbs a { color: #316a94; }
.ij-breadcrumbs span[aria-current="page"] { color: #667b8d; }

.ij-paper-header { padding-bottom: 20px; }
.ij-paper-type { display: inline-flex; margin-bottom: 12px; }
.ij-author-line { color: #174c76; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700; margin: 6px 0; }
.ij-affiliations { color: #60788b; font-size: 13px; margin-top: 8px; }
.ij-affiliations div { margin: 3px 0; }
.ij-orcid-line { color: #537084; font-size: 12px; margin-top: 9px; }
.ij-article-info-wide { grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0,1fr)); }
.ij-info-doi { grid-column: span 2; }
.ij-info-doi strong { overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
.ij-history-line { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 8px 18px; margin: -8px 0 18px; padding: 10px 14px; border: 1px solid #e2eaf0; background: #f8fbfd; border-radius: 7px; color: #5b7182; font-size: 11px; }
.ij-history-line strong { color: #244f70; }

.ij-paper-nav { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 4px; position: sticky; top: 0; z-index: 12; margin: 18px 0; padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #dce7ee; border-radius: 8px; background: rgba(255,255,255,.96); backdrop-filter: blur(8px); box-shadow: 0 5px 15px rgba(0,53,88,.04); }
.ij-paper-nav a { padding: 7px 11px; border-radius: 5px; font-size: 12px; font-weight: 700; }
.ij-paper-nav a:hover { background: #edf6fb; }
.ij-paper-actions { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 10px; margin: 18px 0 22px; }
.ij-paper-actions button { cursor: pointer; }
.ij-paper-featured { margin: 18px 0 26px; overflow: hidden; border-radius: 9px; }
.ij-paper-featured img { width: 100%; display: block; }
.ij-paper-section { scroll-margin-top: 76px; }
.ij-keywords { margin: 20px 0 24px; }
.ij-keywords h2, .ij-citation-box h2, .ij-related h2 { margin: 0 0 12px; color: #0a4776; font: 700 23px/1.25 Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; }
.ij-keyword-list { display: flex; gap: 8px; flex-wrap: wrap; }
.ij-keyword-list span { padding: 6px 10px; border-radius: 999px; border: 1px solid #d4e5ee; background: #f4fafd; color: #285f85; font-size: 12px; }
.ij-citation-box { margin: 28px 0; padding: 20px; border: 1px solid #dce7ee; border-radius: 9px; background: #f9fcfd; }
.ij-citation-box p { margin: 0 0 12px; color: #395b74; }
.ij-copy-citation { border: 1px solid var(--ij-primary); background: #fff; color: var(--ij-primary); border-radius: 6px; padding: 8px 12px; cursor: pointer; font-weight: 700; }
.ij-copy-citation.is-copied { background: #e9f7ef; border-color: #4d9f68; color: #2d7746; }
.ij-related { border-top: 1px solid #e2eaf0; padding-top: 24px; margin-top: 30px; }
.ij-related-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0,1fr)); gap: 14px; }
.ij-sticky-card { position: sticky; top: 18px; }

.ij-issue-hero { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 150px; gap: 30px; align-items: center; margin-bottom: 28px; padding: 26px; border: 1px solid #dfe8ef; border-radius: 10px; background: linear-gradient(135deg,#f8fcfe,#eef7fb); }
.ij-issue-hero h1 { margin: 8px 0 8px; color: #073f70; font: 700 clamp(30px,4vw,42px)/1.15 Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; }
.ij-issue-hero p { margin: 0; color: #567084; }
.ij-issue-hero img { width: 135px; max-height: 180px; object-fit: cover; box-shadow: 0 8px 22px rgba(0,53,88,.12); }
.ij-issue-list { display: grid; gap: 16px; }
.ij-archive-heading p { color: #607587; margin: 6px 0 0; }
.ij-year-group { margin: 0 0 34px; }
.ij-year-group > h2 { color: #073f70; font: 700 30px/1.2 Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; padding-bottom: 8px; border-bottom: 2px solid #dbe7ee; }
.ij-volume-group { margin: 18px 0 28px; }
.ij-volume-group > h3 { margin: 0 0 12px; color: #17547d; font: 700 21px/1.2 Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; }
.ij-issue-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr)); gap: 14px; }
.ij-issue-card { border: 1px solid #dfe8ef; border-radius: 9px; background: #fff; padding: 18px; box-shadow: 0 5px 15px rgba(0,53,88,.035); }
.ij-issue-card h4 { margin: 3px 0 4px; color: #0d466f; font-size: 18px; }
.ij-issue-card p { margin: 0; color: #718696; font-size: 12px; }
.ij-issue-year { color: #1780ae; font-size: 11px; font-weight: 800; letter-spacing: .4px; }
.ij-issue-card details { margin-top: 12px; border-top: 1px solid #e8eef2; padding-top: 10px; }
.ij-issue-card summary { cursor: pointer; color: var(--ij-primary); font-weight: 700; font-size: 13px; }
.ij-issue-article-list { padding-left: 20px; margin-bottom: 0; }
.ij-issue-article-list li { padding: 8px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f5; }
.ij-issue-article-list li:last-child { border-bottom: 0; }
.ij-issue-article-list a { display: block; font-weight: 700; font-size: 13px; }
.ij-issue-article-list span { display: block; color: #718696; font-size: 11px; margin-top: 3px; }

.ij-advanced-search { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr)); gap: 14px; margin-bottom: 26px; padding: 20px; border: 1px solid #dfe8ef; border-radius: 9px; background: #f8fbfd; }
.ij-advanced-search label { display: grid; gap: 5px; }
.ij-advanced-search label span { color: #345a76; font-size: 12px; font-weight: 700; }
.ij-advanced-search input { width: 100%; border: 1px solid #ccdce6; border-radius: 6px; background: #fff; padding: 10px 11px; outline: 0; }
.ij-advanced-search input:focus { border-color: var(--ij-primary); box-shadow: 0 0 0 2px rgba(0,91,150,.08); }
.ij-search-submit { grid-column: 1 / -1; display: flex; gap: 10px; flex-wrap: wrap; }
.ij-search-summary { margin: 0 0 16px; color: #44647c; font-weight: 700; }
.ij-empty-state { padding: 30px; border: 1px dashed #cddce5; border-radius: 9px; background: #fbfdfe; color: #61788a; text-align: center; }
.ij-empty-state h2 { color: #0b4775; font: 700 22px/1.3 Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; }
.ij-social-links { display: flex; gap: 8px; flex-wrap: wrap; margin-top: 12px; }
.ij-social-links a { padding: 4px 8px; border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.2); border-radius: 4px; font-size: 11px; }

@media (max-width: 980px) {
  .ij-related-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr)); }
  .ij-advanced-search { grid-template-columns: repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr)); }
  .ij-article-info-wide { grid-template-columns: repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr)); }
  .ij-info-doi { grid-column: auto; }
}
@media (max-width: 700px) {
  .ij-related-grid, .ij-issue-grid, .ij-advanced-search { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .ij-issue-hero { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .ij-issue-hero img { width: 110px; }
  .ij-article-info-wide { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .ij-paper-nav { position: static; }
}

@media print {
  .ij-topbar, .ij-nav, .ij-brand-meta, .ij-footer, .ij-article-sidebar, .ij-paper-actions, .ij-paper-nav, .ij-breadcrumbs, .ij-related, .ij-copy-citation { display: none !important; }
  .ij-branding-inner, .ij-content-grid { display: block; }
  .ij-content-wrap { padding: 0; }
  body { color: #000; font-size: 11pt; }
  a { color: #000; text-decoration: none; }
  .ij-entry-title { color: #000; font-size: 24pt; }
  .ij-abstract-box, .ij-citation-box, .ij-info-box { background: #fff; border-color: #bbb; }
}

/* Published article index */
.ij-site-title a:hover { text-decoration: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-underline-offset: 4px; }
.ij-journal-table-header { margin-bottom: 22px; }
.ij-journal-table-header p { margin-bottom: 8px; color: #607587; }
.ij-table-count { display: inline-flex; margin-top: 5px; padding: 6px 10px; border-radius: 999px; background: #eef7fb; color: #275f83; font-size: 12px; font-weight: 800; }
.ij-published-table-wrap { width: 100%; overflow-x: auto; border: 1px solid #dce7ee; border-radius: 10px; background: #fff; box-shadow: 0 7px 22px rgba(0,53,88,.05); }
.ij-published-table { width: 100%; min-width: 1050px; border-collapse: collapse; table-layout: auto; }
.ij-published-table th { padding: 13px 12px; background: #064f7f; color: #fff; border-right: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.12); text-align: left; vertical-align: middle; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.35; }
.ij-published-table th:last-child { border-right: 0; }
.ij-published-table td { padding: 13px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e5edf2; border-right: 1px solid #edf2f5; color: #35576f; vertical-align: top; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.5; }
.ij-published-table td:last-child { border-right: 0; }
.ij-published-table tbody tr:nth-child(even) { background: #f9fcfd; }
.ij-published-table tbody tr:hover { background: #f0f8fc; }
.ij-published-table tbody tr:last-child td { border-bottom: 0; }
.ij-published-table .ij-col-serial { width: 58px; text-align: center; }
.ij-published-table .ij-col-title { min-width: 280px; }
.ij-published-table .ij-col-title a { color: #074b7a; font: 700 14px/1.45 Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; }
.ij-published-table .ij-col-id { min-width: 170px; }
.ij-published-table .ij-col-id span { display: block; margin-bottom: 4px; overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
.ij-published-table .ij-col-access { white-space: nowrap; min-width: 105px; }
.ij-table-action { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; margin: 0 5px 5px 0; padding: 5px 9px; border: 1px solid #0c689d; border-radius: 5px; color: #075587; background: #fff; font-size: 11px; font-weight: 800; }
.ij-table-action:hover { background: #0c689d; color: #fff; }
.ij-table-pdf { border-color: #3f8c58; color: #33754a; }
.ij-table-pdf:hover { background: #3f8c58; color: #fff; }
.ij-table-pagination { margin: 24px 0 4px; }
.ij-table-pagination .page-numbers { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 6px; margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none; }
.ij-table-pagination .page-numbers a, .ij-table-pagination .page-numbers span { display: inline-flex; min-width: 36px; min-height: 36px; align-items: center; justify-content: center; padding: 6px 10px; border: 1px solid #d4e2ea; border-radius: 6px; background: #fff; color: #165d88; font-size: 12px; font-weight: 700; }
.ij-table-pagination .page-numbers .current { background: #075b91; border-color: #075b91; color: #fff; }

@media (max-width: 760px) {
  .ij-published-table { min-width: 920px; }
  .ij-published-table-wrap { border-radius: 7px; }
  .ij-journal-table-header .ij-entry-title { font-size: 29px; }
}

/* Scholarly paper detail */
.ij-paper-reference-page { background: #f6f8fa; padding: 28px 0 54px; }
.ij-paper-container { max-width: 1080px; }
.ij-reference-paper { background: #fff; border: 1px solid #dde6ec; box-shadow: 0 8px 28px rgba(7,55,86,.055); }
.ij-reference-journal-card { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: 32px; padding: 24px 28px; border-bottom: 1px solid #dfe7ed; background: linear-gradient(180deg,#fff,#f8fbfd); }
.ij-reference-kicker { display: block; margin-bottom: 4px; color: #6a7f90; font-size: 11px; font-weight: 800; letter-spacing: .08em; text-transform: uppercase; }
.ij-reference-journal-title { margin: 0; color: #083f70; font: 700 24px/1.2 Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; }
.ij-reference-journal-card p { margin: 5px 0 0; color: #516b7e; font-size: 13px; }
.ij-reference-issn { flex: 0 0 auto; display: grid; gap: 7px; min-width: 190px; }
.ij-reference-issn span { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; gap: 18px; color: #587083; font-size: 11px; }
.ij-reference-issn strong { color: #173f5e; }
.ij-reference-paper-header { padding: 30px 28px 22px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e3eaef; }
.ij-reference-paper-header .ij-entry-title { margin: 0; max-width: 980px; color: #173e61; font: 700 clamp(25px,3.2vw,38px)/1.22 Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; letter-spacing: -.2px; }
.ij-reference-paper-header .ij-paper-type { margin-bottom: 12px; }
.ij-reference-table-wrap { overflow-x: auto; }
.ij-reference-table { width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; table-layout: fixed; background: #fff; }
.ij-reference-table th,
.ij-reference-table td { border-bottom: 1px solid #e1e8ed; padding: 15px 18px; vertical-align: top; }
.ij-reference-table th { width: 190px; background: #f7fafc; color: #183f5f; text-align: left; font-size: 13px; font-weight: 800; }
.ij-reference-table td { color: #334e62; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.72; overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
.ij-reference-table tr:last-child th,
.ij-reference-table tr:last-child td { border-bottom: 0; }
.ij-reference-table td p:first-child { margin-top: 0; }
.ij-reference-table td p:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }
.ij-reference-table a { font-weight: 700; }
.ij-reference-authors { color: #173f5e; font-weight: 700; }
.ij-reference-affiliations { margin-top: 8px; color: #63788a; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.55; }
.ij-reference-orcids { margin-top: 8px; color: #526d80; font-size: 12px; }
.ij-reference-longtext { text-align: justify; }
.ij-inline-copy { margin-left: 10px; border: 1px solid #c9d7e1; border-radius: 4px; background: #fff; color: var(--ij-primary); padding: 4px 9px; font-size: 11px; font-weight: 800; cursor: pointer; }
.ij-inline-copy:hover { background: #edf6fb; }
.ij-reference-actions { padding: 24px 28px 28px; border-top: 1px solid #dfe7ed; background: #fbfdfe; }
.ij-reference-pdf-block h2 { margin: 0 0 14px; color: #173f5e; font: 700 20px/1.25 Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; }
.ij-reference-secondary-actions { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 18px; margin-top: 18px; }
.ij-text-action { appearance: none; border: 0; background: transparent; color: var(--ij-primary); padding: 0; font: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-weight: 800; cursor: pointer; }
.ij-text-action:hover { color: var(--ij-secondary); }
.ij-reference-fulltext,
.ij-reference-related { margin: 28px 0 0; padding: 28px; background: #fff; border: 1px solid #dde6ec; box-shadow: 0 6px 22px rgba(7,55,86,.04); }
.ij-reference-fulltext { color: #2e4759; }
.ij-reference-fulltext > :first-child { margin-top: 0; }
.ij-reference-fulltext h2,
.ij-reference-fulltext h3,
.ij-reference-fulltext h4 { color: #173f5e; }
.ij-section-head-compact { margin: 0 0 18px; }
.ij-section-head-compact h2 { font-size: 23px; }
.ij-reference-related .ij-related-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr)); gap: 16px; }

@media (max-width: 820px) {
  .ij-reference-journal-card { align-items: flex-start; flex-direction: column; gap: 16px; }
  .ij-reference-issn { min-width: 0; width: 100%; max-width: 320px; }
  .ij-reference-related .ij-related-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
}

@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .ij-paper-reference-page { padding-top: 14px; }
  .ij-paper-container { width: min(calc(100% - 20px), var(--ij-container)); }
  .ij-reference-journal-card,
  .ij-reference-paper-header,
  .ij-reference-actions,
  .ij-reference-fulltext,
  .ij-reference-related { padding: 20px 16px; }
  .ij-reference-journal-title { font-size: 20px; }
  .ij-reference-paper-header .ij-entry-title { font-size: 25px; }
  .ij-reference-table,
  .ij-reference-table tbody,
  .ij-reference-table tr,
  .ij-reference-table th,
  .ij-reference-table td { display: block; width: 100%; }
  .ij-reference-table tr { border-bottom: 1px solid #dfe7ed; }
  .ij-reference-table tr:last-child { border-bottom: 0; }
  .ij-reference-table th { border-bottom: 0; padding: 11px 14px 4px; background: #f6f9fb; color: #486177; font-size: 11px; letter-spacing: .04em; text-transform: uppercase; }
  .ij-reference-table td { border-bottom: 0; padding: 7px 14px 14px; font-size: 13px; }
  .ij-reference-longtext { text-align: left; }
  .ij-inline-copy { display: inline-block; margin: 8px 0 0; }
  .ij-reference-actions .ij-button-row { align-items: stretch; flex-direction: column; }
  .ij-reference-actions .ij-btn { width: 100%; }
}

/* Issue table */
.ij-issue-table-page { background: #f5faf7; padding: 24px 0 50px; }
.ij-issue-table-container { max-width: 1160px; }
.ij-screenshot-issue { background: #fff; border-top: 14px solid #0c3b22; box-shadow: 0 7px 24px rgba(25,72,49,.06); }
.ij-screenshot-issue-title { margin: 0; padding: 20px 24px 24px; color: #171717; text-align: center; font: 700 clamp(28px,3vw,40px)/1.2 Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; }
.ij-screenshot-issue-wrap { overflow-x: auto; padding: 0 28px 30px; }
.ij-screenshot-issue-table { width: 100%; min-width: 720px; border-collapse: collapse; table-layout: fixed; border: 1px solid #d7d7d7; background: #fff; }
.ij-screenshot-issue-table th,
.ij-screenshot-issue-table td { border: 1px solid #d7d7d7; vertical-align: top; }
.ij-screenshot-issue-table th { padding: 14px 12px; background: #fff; color: #373737; text-align: center; font-size: 18px; font-weight: 800; }
.ij-screenshot-serial-head { width: 108px; }
.ij-screenshot-serial { width: 108px; padding: 24px 12px; color: #333; text-align: center; font-size: 20px; line-height: 1.35; }
.ij-screenshot-paper-info { padding: 23px 24px 25px; background: #fafafa; color: #3a3a3a; }
.ij-screenshot-issue-table tbody tr:nth-child(even) .ij-screenshot-paper-info { background: #fff; }
.ij-screenshot-paper-title { display: inline-block; margin: 0 0 14px; color: #0719e6; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 800; line-height: 1.45; }
.ij-screenshot-paper-title:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
.ij-screenshot-paper-meta { margin: 4px 0; color: #3d3d3d; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.55; }
.ij-screenshot-paper-meta strong { font-weight: 800; }
.ij-screenshot-doi { color: #3467ef; overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
.ij-screenshot-paper-actions { margin-top: 12px; }
.ij-screenshot-pdf { color: #f01818; font-size: 17px; font-weight: 500; }
.ij-screenshot-pdf:hover { color: #b50000; text-decoration: underline; }
.ij-archive-back { margin-top: 22px; }

/* exact author-affiliation pairing and ORCID */
.ij-reference-author-list { display: grid; gap: 12px; }
.ij-reference-author-profile { padding-bottom: 11px; border-bottom: 1px dashed #dfe7ed; }
.ij-reference-author-profile:last-child { padding-bottom: 0; border-bottom: 0; }
.ij-reference-author-name { color: #173f5e; font-weight: 800; }
.ij-reference-author-name sup { color: #6b7f8e; font-size: 9px; }
.ij-reference-author-affiliation { margin: 3px 0 4px 18px; color: #647a8a; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.5; }
.ij-orcid-link { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 6px; margin: 3px 12px 0 18px; color: #416177; font-size: 11px; font-weight: 700; }
.ij-orcid-link:hover { color: #173f5e; }
.ij-orcid-mark { display: inline-flex; width: 20px; height: 20px; align-items: center; justify-content: center; border-radius: 50%; background: #a6ce39; color: #fff; font-size: 9px; font-weight: 900; letter-spacing: -.5px; }

/* journal table filters */
.ij-journal-filter { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(260px,1.8fr) repeat(3,minmax(120px,.65fr)) auto auto; gap: 10px; align-items: end; margin: 0 0 18px; padding: 15px; border: 1px solid #dce7ee; border-radius: 9px; background: #f8fbfd; }
.ij-journal-filter label { display: grid; gap: 5px; color: #476277; font-size: 11px; font-weight: 800; }
.ij-journal-filter input,
.ij-journal-filter select { width: 100%; min-height: 40px; border: 1px solid #cddce5; border-radius: 5px; background: #fff; color: #29495f; padding: 7px 10px; font: inherit; font-size: 12px; }
.ij-journal-filter .ij-btn { min-height: 40px; padding: 8px 17px; }
.ij-filter-reset { align-self: center; padding: 9px 5px; font-size: 12px; font-weight: 800; }

/* scholarly no-image state instead of repeated generic stock art */
.ij-article-no-image { display: flex; min-height: 116px; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; justify-content: center; gap: 4px; background: linear-gradient(135deg,#f5f9fb,#eaf3f7); border-bottom: 1px solid #e1e9ef; color: #2c6383; }
.ij-article-no-image span { display: inline-flex; padding: 7px 9px; border: 1px solid #aac6d6; border-radius: 5px; background: #fff; font-size: 13px; font-weight: 900; }
.ij-article-no-image small { color: #688093; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 800; letter-spacing: .04em; text-transform: uppercase; }

@media (max-width: 980px) {
  .ij-journal-filter { grid-template-columns: repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr)); }
  .ij-filter-search { grid-column: 1 / -1; }
}

@media (max-width: 700px) {
  .ij-issue-table-page { padding-top: 12px; }
  .ij-screenshot-issue { border-top-width: 9px; }
  .ij-screenshot-issue-title { padding: 16px 14px 18px; font-size: 26px; }
  .ij-screenshot-issue-wrap { padding: 0 10px 18px; overflow: visible; }
  .ij-screenshot-issue-table,
  .ij-screenshot-issue-table tbody,
  .ij-screenshot-issue-table tr,
  .ij-screenshot-issue-table td { display: block; width: 100%; min-width: 0; }
  .ij-screenshot-issue-table thead { position: absolute; width: 1px; height: 1px; overflow: hidden; clip: rect(0 0 0 0); white-space: nowrap; }
  .ij-screenshot-issue-table { border: 0; }
  .ij-screenshot-issue-table tr { margin-bottom: 14px; border: 1px solid #d7d7d7; }
  .ij-screenshot-serial { padding: 9px 12px; border: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #d7d7d7; background: #f3f5f6; text-align: left; font-size: 13px; font-weight: 800; }
  .ij-screenshot-serial::before { content: attr(data-label) ": "; }
  .ij-screenshot-paper-info { border: 0; padding: 16px; background: #fff !important; }
  .ij-screenshot-paper-title { font-size: 17px; }
  .ij-screenshot-paper-meta { font-size: 14px; }
  .ij-screenshot-pdf { font-size: 15px; }
  .ij-journal-filter { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .ij-filter-search { grid-column: auto; }
  .ij-filter-reset { text-align: center; }
  .ij-reference-author-affiliation,
  .ij-orcid-link { margin-left: 0; }
}


/* Academic typography */
/* Body/content text: 12pt | labels/headings: 12pt bold | article/paper titles: 14pt bold */
.ij-screenshot-issue-title,
.ij-screenshot-paper-title,
.ij-reference-paper-header .ij-entry-title {
  font-size: 14pt;
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.35;
}

.ij-screenshot-issue-table th,
.ij-reference-table th,
.ij-reference-pdf-block h2,
.ij-reference-fulltext h2,
.ij-reference-fulltext h3,
.ij-reference-fulltext h4,
.ij-section-head-compact h2 {
  font-size: 12pt;
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.45;
}

.ij-screenshot-serial,
.ij-screenshot-paper-meta,
.ij-screenshot-pdf,
.ij-reference-table td,
.ij-reference-authors,
.ij-reference-affiliations,
.ij-reference-author-affiliation,
.ij-reference-orcids,
.ij-orcid-link,
.ij-reference-fulltext,
.ij-reference-fulltext p,
.ij-reference-fulltext li,
.ij-reference-fulltext table,
.ij-reference-fulltext td,
.ij-reference-fulltext th {
  font-size: 12pt;
}

.ij-screenshot-paper-meta strong,
.ij-reference-table th,
.ij-reference-fulltext h2,
.ij-reference-fulltext h3,
.ij-reference-fulltext h4 {
  font-weight: 700;
}

@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .ij-screenshot-issue-title,
  .ij-screenshot-paper-title,
  .ij-reference-paper-header .ij-entry-title { font-size: 14pt; }

  .ij-screenshot-serial,
  .ij-screenshot-paper-meta,
  .ij-screenshot-pdf,
  .ij-reference-table th,
  .ij-reference-table td,
  .ij-reference-fulltext,
  .ij-reference-fulltext p,
  .ij-reference-fulltext li { font-size: 12pt; }
}

@media print {
  body { font-size: 12pt; }
  .ij-entry-title,
  .ij-reference-paper-header .ij-entry-title,
  .ij-screenshot-paper-title,
  .ij-screenshot-issue-title { font-size: 14pt !important; font-weight: 700; }
  .ij-reference-table th,
  .ij-reference-table td,
  .ij-screenshot-paper-meta,
  .ij-reference-fulltext,
  .ij-reference-fulltext p,
  .ij-reference-fulltext li { font-size: 12pt !important; }
}

/* ===== homepage.css ===== */
/* Homepage sidebar and journal particulars */
.ij-home-sidebar { min-width: 0; }
.ij-particulars-panel { border-color: #d7e4ec; }
.ij-particulars-panel .ij-panel-title {
  font-size: 14pt;
  font-weight: 700;
}
.ij-particulars-list { margin: 0; }
.ij-particular-row {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(92px,.8fr) minmax(0,1.2fr);
  gap: 10px;
  padding: 10px 14px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f5;
  align-items: start;
}
.ij-particular-row:last-child { border-bottom: 0; }
.ij-particular-row:nth-child(even) { background: #fbfdfe; }
.ij-particular-row dt,
.ij-particular-row dd {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 12pt;
  line-height: 1.45;
  overflow-wrap: anywhere;
}
.ij-particular-row dt { color: #173f5e; font-weight: 700; }
.ij-particular-row dd { color: #4d6678; font-weight: 400; }
.ij-home-widget-area { margin: 0; }
.ij-home-widget {
  padding: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
}
.ij-home-widget .widget-title {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 12px 16px;
  font-size: 14pt;
  font-weight: 700;
}
.ij-home-widget > :not(.widget-title) { margin-left: 14px; margin-right: 14px; }
.ij-home-widget > ul,
.ij-home-widget > ol { margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 12px; }
.ij-home-widget > p,
.ij-home-widget > .wp-block-group,
.ij-home-widget > .wp-block-search { margin-top: 12px; margin-bottom: 12px; }

@media (max-width: 980px) {
  .ij-home-sidebar { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr)); gap: 18px; }
  .ij-home-sidebar > .ij-sidebar-panel,
  .ij-home-sidebar > .ij-home-widget-area { margin: 0; }
  .ij-home-widget-area { display: contents; }
  .ij-home-widget { margin: 0; }
}

@media (max-width: 680px) {
  .ij-home-sidebar { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .ij-particular-row { grid-template-columns: minmax(105px,.85fr) minmax(0,1.15fr); }
}

@media (max-width: 420px) {
  .ij-particular-row { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 3px; }
}


/* Custom hero content */
.ij-hero-content.ij-hero-content-custom {
  max-width: 100%;
  width: 100%;
}
.ij-hero-content-custom > :first-child { margin-top: 0; }
.ij-hero-content-custom > :last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }
.ij-hero-content-custom .ij-btn { display: inline-flex; }
.ij-hero-content-custom img { max-width: 100%; height: auto; }
.ij-hero-content-custom table { max-width: 100%; }
@media (max-width: 680px) {
  .ij-hero-content.ij-hero-content-custom { padding: 30px 0; }
}

/* Per-issue front covers */
.ij-issue-card-has-cover { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 92px minmax(0,1fr); column-gap: 16px; align-items: start; }
.ij-issue-card-has-cover details { grid-column: 1 / -1; }
.ij-issue-card-cover { display: block; width: 92px; aspect-ratio: 3/4; overflow: hidden; border: 1px solid var(--ij-line); background: var(--ij-soft); }
.ij-issue-card-cover img { width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; display: block; }
@media (max-width: 560px) {
  .ij-issue-card-has-cover { grid-template-columns: 72px minmax(0,1fr); gap: 12px; }
  .ij-issue-card-cover { width: 72px; }
}


/* Editable homepage hero and announcement ticker */
.ij-hero-marquee {
  margin: 4px 0 20px;
  padding: 8px 12px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.26);
  border-radius: 7px;
  background: rgba(0,31,54,.34);
  color: #fff;
  font-size: 12pt;
  line-height: 1.45;
  overflow: hidden;
}
.ij-hero-marquee .hyvikk_main_jrp_wrap { margin: 0 !important; padding: 0 !important; color: inherit; background: transparent !important; }
.ij-hero-marquee marquee {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  margin: 0 !important;
  color: #fff !important;
  font: inherit;
}
.ij-hero-extra { margin: 16px 0 0; font-size: 12pt; }
.ij-hero-extra > :first-child { margin-top: 0; }
.ij-hero-extra > :last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }
.ij-hero-extra a { color: #fff; text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 2px; }
@media (max-width: 680px) {
  .ij-hero-marquee { margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 7px 10px; }
}

/* ===== accessibility.css ===== */
/* Production hardening: focus, icons, empty states and scalable layouts */
:where(a, button, input, select, textarea, summary):focus-visible {
  outline: 3px solid #f2b134;
  outline-offset: 2px;
}
.ij-menu li:focus-within > .sub-menu { display: block; }
.ij-menu .sub-menu a:focus-visible { background: #eef6fb; color: var(--ij-primary); }
.ij-icon { width: 1.2em; height: 1.2em; display: block; }
.ij-quick-icon .ij-icon { width: 22px; height: 22px; }
.ij-panel-icon { width: 18px; height: 18px; display: inline-block; vertical-align: -3px; margin-right: 4px; }
.ij-stat-icon .ij-icon { width: 34px; height: 34px; }
.ij-footer-icon { width: 17px; height: 17px; flex: 0 0 auto; }
.ij-contact-list li { display: flex; align-items: flex-start; gap: 8px; }
.ij-contact-list a { color: inherit; }
.ij-quicklinks { grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit,minmax(210px,1fr)); }
.ij-current-cover-empty { display: grid; place-items: center; background: linear-gradient(145deg,#f4f8fb,#e7f0f5); color: #2f6483; border: 1px solid #dbe6ed; }
.ij-current-cover-icon { width: 58px; height: 58px; }
.ij-stats-grid-real { grid-template-columns: repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr)); max-width: 820px; margin-inline: auto; }
.ij-home-empty { padding: 22px; }
.ij-empty-issue { padding: 36px; text-align: center; }
.ij-issue-period { margin: 2px 0 7px !important; color: #607789; }
.ij-issue-open { display: inline-block; margin-top: 7px; font-weight: 800; }
.ij-reference-journal-title { margin-top: 0 !important; }

/* Accessible replacement for legacy shortcode <marquee> output. */
.ij-hero-marquee { position: relative; }
.ij-hero-marquee .ij-marquee-track {
  display: inline-block;
  min-width: 100%;
  white-space: nowrap;
  will-change: transform;
  animation: ijgaaiTicker 22s linear infinite;
}
.ij-hero-marquee:hover .ij-marquee-track,
.ij-hero-marquee:focus-within .ij-marquee-track { animation-play-state: paused; }
@keyframes ijgaaiTicker {
  from { transform: translateX(100%); }
  to { transform: translateX(-100%); }
}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  html { scroll-behavior: auto; }
  *, *::before, *::after { scroll-behavior: auto !important; transition-duration: .01ms !important; animation-duration: .01ms !important; animation-iteration-count: 1 !important; }
  .ij-hero-marquee .ij-marquee-track { animation: none !important; transform: none !important; white-space: normal; }
}

@media (max-width: 760px) {
  .ij-stats-grid-real { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
}
.ij-topbar-left a, .ij-topbar-phone { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 6px; }
.ij-topbar-icon { width: 15px; height: 15px; }
.ij-search-icon { width: 18px; height: 18px; margin: auto; }

/* Accessible skip link */
.screen-reader-text:focus {
  clip: auto !important;
  clip-path: none;
  width: auto;
  height: auto;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 10px 14px;
  overflow: visible;
  white-space: normal;
  position: fixed;
  top: 8px;
  left: 8px;
  z-index: 100000;
  border-radius: 4px;
  background: #fff;
  color: #073f70;
  box-shadow: 0 3px 12px rgba(0,0,0,.18);
}

/* Consistent SVG controls in the header. */
.ij-social-top { display: inline-grid; place-items: center; min-width: 28px; min-height: 28px; }
.ij-social-icon { width: 16px; height: 16px; }
.ij-menu-icon { width: 26px; height: 26px; }

/* v1.8.2 interaction polish. */
@media (max-width:760px){body.ij-mobile-menu-open{overflow:hidden}.ij-topbar-inner{align-items:flex-start}.ij-topbar-left{gap:8px 14px}.ij-topbar-left a{max-width:100%;overflow-wrap:anywhere}.ij-article-actions-v2 .ij-action-btn{min-height:44px}}
@media (pointer:coarse){.ij-menu a,.ij-action-btn,.ij-mini-btn,.ij-copy-cite-v180{min-height:44px}}

/* ===== mockup-ui.css ===== */
/* v1.6.0 editorial UI layer — implements the requested academic-journal mockup. */
:root{
  --ij-editorial-navy:#004a75;
  --ij-editorial-blue:#005f98;
  --ij-editorial-deep:#053d67;
  --ij-editorial-green:#168b48;
  --ij-editorial-red:#d91f2a;
  --ij-editorial-soft:#f4f8fb;
  --ij-editorial-line:#d9e5ee;
  --ij-editorial-ink:#123f65;
}

body{font-size:12pt;background:#fff;color:#263f55;}
.ij-container{width:min(calc(100% - 32px),1240px);}

/* Header */
.ij-topbar-academic{background:#073f69;font-size:11px;}
.ij-topbar-academic .ij-topbar-inner{min-height:28px;}
.ij-topbar-academic .ij-topbar-left,.ij-topbar-academic .ij-topbar-right{gap:10px;}
.ij-topbar-academic .ij-social-top{display:inline-flex;width:21px;height:21px;align-items:center;justify-content:center;}
.ij-topbar-academic .ij-social-icon{width:14px;height:14px;}
.ij-branding-academic .ij-branding-inner{min-height:88px;padding:10px 0;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) minmax(250px,360px);}
.ij-branding-academic .custom-logo{width:72px;height:72px;border-radius:50%;}
.ij-branding-academic .ij-brand-block{gap:18px;}
.ij-branding-academic .ij-site-title{font-size:25px;line-height:1.05;color:#053f77;}
.ij-branding-academic .ij-tagline{font-size:12px;font-style:italic;margin-top:4px;color:#3f6180;}
.ij-brand-search-only{min-width:0;text-align:right;}
.ij-brand-search-only .ij-search form{max-width:360px;margin-left:auto;border-radius:3px;}
.ij-brand-search-only .ij-search input{font-size:11px;padding:8px 10px;}
.ij-brand-search-only .ij-search button{width:38px;}
.ij-nav-academic{background:#005783;box-shadow:none;}
.ij-nav-academic .ij-nav-inner{min-height:38px;}
.ij-nav-academic .ij-menu>li>a{padding:10px 15px;font-size:12px;}
.ij-nav-academic .ij-menu>li.current-menu-item>a,.ij-nav-academic .ij-menu>li>a:hover{background:#0f7c4c;}

/* Homepage hero */
.ij-hero-editorial{min-height:285px;border-bottom:1px solid #cbdbe6;background-position:center;}
.ij-hero-editorial .ij-hero-content{padding:34px 0;max-width:690px;}
.ij-hero-editorial h1{font-size:clamp(34px,4.6vw,54px);line-height:1.02;margin-bottom:12px;text-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.08);}
.ij-hero-editorial .accent{color:#a7ed4e;}
.ij-hero-editorial p{font-size:16px;margin-bottom:18px;}
.ij-btn-green{background:var(--ij-editorial-green);color:#fff;border-color:rgba(255,255,255,.38);border-radius:22px;min-height:38px;padding:8px 19px;}
.ij-btn-green:hover{background:#0d743b;color:#fff;}
.ij-btn-dark{background:#064f7a;color:#fff;}
.ij-btn-block{display:flex;width:100%;margin-top:12px;}

/* Trust strip */
.ij-trust-strip{border-bottom:1px solid var(--ij-editorial-line);background:#fff;}
.ij-trust-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);}
.ij-trust-item{min-height:54px;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;gap:10px;border-right:1px solid var(--ij-editorial-line);font-size:11px;color:#315875;}
.ij-trust-item:last-child{border-right:0;}
.ij-trust-item>span{display:grid;place-items:center;width:30px;height:30px;border-radius:50%;background:#e4f6ec;color:#15884a;}
.ij-trust-item svg{width:16px;height:16px;}

/* Main editorial layout */
.ij-main-editorial{padding:18px 0 24px;background:#fff;}
.ij-editorial-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,2.15fr) minmax(270px,.85fr);gap:18px;align-items:start;}
.ij-editorial-main,.ij-editorial-sidebar{min-width:0;}
.ij-editorial-main>.ij-panel{margin-bottom:14px;}
.ij-panel{border-color:#dbe7ef;border-radius:4px;box-shadow:none;}
.ij-section-head-tight{margin:0;padding:10px 12px;border-bottom:1px solid #dbe7ef;}
.ij-section-head-tight h2{font:700 14pt/1.2 Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;color:#064a82;}
.ij-section-head-tight>a{font-size:10px;}

/* Current issue */
.ij-current-editorial{display:block;padding:0;margin:0;}
.ij-current-editorial-body{display:grid;grid-template-columns:160px 1fr;gap:18px;padding:14px;align-items:start;}
.ij-current-editorial .ij-current-cover{width:100%;aspect-ratio:3/4;border-radius:2px;box-shadow:none;border:1px solid #cddde8;}
.ij-current-editorial .ij-current-copy{padding-top:4px;}
.ij-current-editorial h3{font:700 14pt/1.25 Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;color:#06457b;margin:0 0 10px;}
.ij-current-editorial p{font-size:12pt;line-height:1.45;margin:0 0 14px;color:#405a70;}
.ij-current-editorial .ij-btn{font-size:11px;min-height:36px;padding:7px 12px;border-radius:3px;}

/* Journal particulars */
.ij-panel-title-blue{background:#f7fbfe;color:#064a82;border-bottom:1px solid #d9e5ee;font:700 12pt/1.2 Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;padding:9px 12px;}
.ij-panel-title-blue .ij-panel-icon{width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:-3px;}
.ij-particulars-grid-main{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));margin:0;padding:0;}
.ij-particulars-grid-main .ij-particular-row{display:grid;grid-template-columns:118px 1fr;border-bottom:1px solid #e2ebf1;border-right:1px solid #e2ebf1;min-height:38px;}
.ij-particulars-grid-main .ij-particular-row:nth-child(even){border-right:0;}
.ij-particulars-grid-main dt,.ij-particulars-grid-main dd{margin:0;padding:8px 10px;font-size:12pt;line-height:1.35;}
.ij-particulars-grid-main dt{font-weight:700;color:#284b68;background:#fbfdff;}
.ij-particulars-grid-main dd{color:#38566f;}

/* Published table */
.ij-published-table-panel{overflow:hidden;}
.ij-home-article-table-wrap{overflow-x:auto;}
.ij-home-article-table{width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;table-layout:auto;}
.ij-home-article-table th,.ij-home-article-table td{border-bottom:1px solid #e2eaf0;padding:8px 7px;vertical-align:top;text-align:left;font-size:10.5px;line-height:1.35;}
.ij-home-article-table th{background:#f6f9fc;color:#3d5871;font-weight:800;}
.ij-home-article-table th:first-child,.ij-home-article-table td:first-child{width:34px;text-align:center;}
.ij-home-article-table .ij-table-title{font-weight:700;color:#0b4d83;}
.ij-table-actions{display:flex;gap:5px;flex-wrap:wrap;}
.ij-mini-btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;min-width:36px;padding:5px 7px;border-radius:3px;background:#074f7e;color:#fff;font-size:9px;font-weight:700;}
.ij-mini-btn:hover{background:#0b6aa4;color:#fff;}
.ij-mini-btn-light{background:#fff;color:#075383;border:1px solid #9ebdd1;}

/* Homepage sidebar */
.ij-editorial-sidebar{display:grid;gap:12px;}
.ij-sidebar-card{border:1px solid #d7e5ed;border-radius:4px;background:#fff;overflow:hidden;}
.ij-sidebar-card-head{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;padding:9px 11px;border-bottom:1px solid #d7e5ed;color:#064c7e;font:700 12pt/1.2 Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;background:#f8fbfd;}
.ij-sidebar-card-head .ij-panel-icon{width:18px;height:18px;}
.ij-call-card{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#f1fbf4,#e3f5e8);border-color:#cce8d4;}
.ij-call-card .ij-sidebar-card-head{background:transparent;color:#176f39;border-color:#cce8d4;}
.ij-call-card-body{padding:10px 12px;color:#27513b;font-size:12pt;}
.ij-call-card-body .hyvikk_main_jrp_wrap{margin:0!important;padding:0!important;}
.ij-call-card-body .ij-marquee-track{animation:none!important;transform:none!important;white-space:normal!important;display:block!important;font-size:11px;line-height:1.5;margin:0!important;padding:0!important;}
.ij-editorial-link-list{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:3px 10px 8px;}
.ij-editorial-link-list li{border-bottom:1px solid #e7eef3;}
.ij-editorial-link-list li:last-child{border-bottom:0;}
.ij-editorial-link-list a{display:block;padding:8px 4px;font-size:11px;color:#0c5a91;}
.ij-editorial-link-list a:before{content:"›";font-weight:900;margin-right:8px;}
.ij-index-badges{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;padding:12px;}
.ij-index-badges span{display:inline-flex;padding:6px 8px;border:1px solid #d5e3ec;border-radius:3px;background:#fff;font-size:10px;font-weight:700;color:#315a77;}

/* Article detail */
.ij-article-page-v2{padding:13px 0 30px;background:#fff;}
.ij-article-page-v2 .ij-breadcrumbs{font-size:10px;margin:0 0 10px;color:#527087;}
.ij-article-layout{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 190px;gap:18px;align-items:start;}
.ij-article-main-v2{min-width:0;}
.ij-article-hero-v2{padding:4px 0 8px;}
.ij-article-hero-v2 .ij-paper-type{font-size:9px;margin-bottom:5px;}
.ij-article-hero-v2 .ij-entry-title{margin:0 0 7px;color:#064582;font:700 14pt/1.22 Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;}
.ij-author-line-v2{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:4px;color:#074b81;font:700 12pt/1.35 Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;}
.ij-author-name-v2 sup{font-size:9px;margin-left:1px;}
.ij-author-sep{margin-right:2px;}
.ij-orcid-dot{display:inline-grid;place-items:center;width:17px;height:17px;border-radius:50%;background:#88c53f;color:#fff;font:700 9px/1 Arial,sans-serif;vertical-align:2px;}
.ij-affiliations-v2{margin-top:6px;color:#536d82;font-size:10.5px;line-height:1.45;}
.ij-article-meta-card-v2{margin-top:9px;border:1px solid #d7e5ee;background:#f9fcfe;}
.ij-meta-grid-v2{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(5,minmax(0,1fr));}
.ij-meta-grid-v2>div{padding:10px 9px;border-right:1px solid #dce7ee;}
.ij-meta-grid-v2>div:last-child{border-right:0;}
.ij-meta-grid-v2 span{display:block;font-size:9px;color:#60788b;}
.ij-meta-grid-v2 strong{display:block;margin-top:2px;color:#0e4d7f;font-size:11px;line-height:1.25;}
.ij-doi-row-v2{display:flex;gap:9px;padding:8px 10px;border-top:1px solid #dce7ee;font-size:10.5px;overflow-wrap:anywhere;}
.ij-doi-row-v2 span{font-weight:700;color:#385b74;}
.ij-article-actions-v2{display:flex;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap;padding:10px 0;border-bottom:1px solid #dce6ed;}
.ij-action-btn{border:0;border-radius:3px;background:#07517f;color:#fff;min-height:35px;padding:8px 14px;font-size:10.5px;font-weight:700;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;gap:7px;cursor:pointer;}
.ij-action-btn:hover{background:#0b6b9f;color:#fff;}
.ij-action-pdf{background:var(--ij-editorial-red);}
.ij-action-pdf:hover{background:#b81720;}
.ij-action-cite{background:#07517f;}
.ij-action-icon{width:14px;height:14px;}
.ij-article-section-v2{padding:15px 0 7px;scroll-margin-top:90px;}
.ij-article-section-v2>h2,.ij-fulltext-title-v2,.ij-related-v2 h2{font:700 12pt/1.25 Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;color:#064b83;margin:0 0 8px;}
.ij-abstract-text-v2{font-size:12pt;line-height:1.55;color:#344f65;}
.ij-abstract-text-v2 p{margin:0 0 8px;}
.ij-keywords-box-v2{margin:7px 0 4px;padding:9px 12px;background:#eef5f9;border-left:3px solid #0c5b90;color:#35566f;font-size:12pt;line-height:1.45;scroll-margin-top:90px;}
.ij-keywords-box-v2 strong{color:#0c4f7d;}
.ij-article-context-v2{display:flex;gap:16px;flex-wrap:wrap;padding:8px 0 0;font-size:10.5px;color:#526d82;}
.ij-article-prose{font-size:12pt;line-height:1.58;color:#344d61;}
.ij-article-prose>p{margin:0 0 10px;}
.ij-article-prose h2,.ij-article-prose h3{font-size:12pt;font-weight:700;color:#064b83;}

/* Progressive accordion generated by JS from direct H2 sections. */
.ij-article-prose.is-accordion{display:grid;gap:6px;}
.ij-content-accordion{border:1px solid #dce7ef;border-radius:3px;background:#fff;overflow:hidden;}
.ij-content-accordion>summary{list-style:none;cursor:pointer;padding:9px 11px;background:#f8fbfd;color:#074a7b;font-size:12pt;font-weight:700;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;}
.ij-content-accordion>summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none;}
.ij-content-accordion>summary:after{content:"⌄";font-size:14px;transition:transform .2s ease;}
.ij-content-accordion[open]>summary:after{transform:rotate(180deg);}
.ij-content-accordion-body{padding:10px 12px;}
.ij-content-accordion-body>*:first-child{margin-top:0;}

/* Article TOC */
.ij-article-toc-v2{position:sticky;top:18px;}
.ij-toc-card-v2{border:1px solid #dce7ef;background:#f9fcfe;border-radius:4px;padding:10px 11px;}
.ij-toc-card-v2 h2{margin:0 0 7px;font:700 12pt/1.2 Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;color:#064b82;}
.ij-toc-card-v2 nav{display:grid;}
.ij-toc-card-v2 a{display:block;padding:6px 2px;border-bottom:1px solid #e5edf2;font-size:10px;color:#355d7a;}
.ij-toc-card-v2 a:last-child{border-bottom:0;}
.ij-toc-card-v2 a:before{content:"›";margin-right:6px;color:#0b68a2;font-weight:900;}
.ij-toc-card-v2 a.is-active{color:#0b5f95;font-weight:700;}

/* Related articles */
.ij-related-v2{padding-top:12px;scroll-margin-top:90px;}
.ij-related-v2 .ij-section-head{border:1px solid #dbe7ef;background:#f8fbfd;margin:0 0 9px;}
.ij-related-grid-v2{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:10px;}
.ij-related-grid-v2 .ij-article-card{border-radius:3px;}
.ij-related-grid-v2 .ij-article-title{font-size:11px;}
.ij-related-grid-v2 .ij-article-meta,.ij-related-grid-v2 .ij-article-links{font-size:9px;}

/* Footer */
.ij-footer-editorial{background:#034c76;margin-top:0;color:#eaf5fb;}
.ij-footer-grid-editorial{grid-template-columns:1.4fr .8fr .8fr .8fr;padding:20px 0;gap:22px;}
.ij-footer-editorial h3{font-size:11px;margin-bottom:8px;}
.ij-footer-editorial p,.ij-footer-editorial li,.ij-footer-editorial a{font-size:9.5px;line-height:1.45;color:#e7f1f7;}
.ij-footer-brand-row{display:flex;gap:12px;align-items:center;margin-bottom:8px;}
.ij-footer-brand-row .custom-logo,.ij-footer-brand-row .ij-footer-logo{width:54px;height:54px;border-radius:50%;object-fit:cover;}
.ij-footer-brand-row h3{font-family:Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;font-size:12px;margin:0;}
.ij-footer-brand-row p{margin:2px 0 0;}
.ij-footer-social-icons{display:flex;gap:8px;margin:8px 0;}
.ij-footer-social-icons a{display:grid;place-items:center;width:25px;height:25px;border-radius:50%;background:rgba(255,255,255,.1);}
.ij-footer-social-icons svg{width:13px;height:13px;}
.ij-footer-bottom{background:#033f63;border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.12);}
.ij-footer-bottom-inner{min-height:34px;font-size:8.5px;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:15px;align-items:center;}
.ij-footer-tagline:before{content:"◈";color:#84c94a;margin-right:5px;}

/* Responsive */
@media (max-width:980px){
  .ij-branding-academic .ij-branding-inner{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:8px;}
  .ij-brand-search-only .ij-search form{margin-left:0;max-width:100%;}
  .ij-editorial-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;}
  .ij-editorial-sidebar{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));}
  .ij-article-layout{grid-template-columns:1fr;}
  .ij-article-toc-v2{position:relative;top:auto;order:-1;}
  .ij-toc-card-v2 nav{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:0 12px;}
  .ij-footer-grid-editorial{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));}
}
@media (max-width:760px){
  .ij-topbar-academic .ij-topbar-inner{align-items:flex-start;padding:5px 0;}
  .ij-topbar-academic .ij-topbar-left,.ij-topbar-academic .ij-topbar-right{gap:6px;}
  .ij-branding-academic .ij-site-title{font-size:20px;}
  .ij-branding-academic .custom-logo{width:58px;height:58px;}
  .ij-trust-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr);}
  .ij-trust-item:nth-child(2){border-right:0;}
  .ij-trust-item:nth-child(-n+2){border-bottom:1px solid var(--ij-editorial-line);}
  .ij-current-editorial-body{grid-template-columns:110px 1fr;gap:12px;}
  .ij-particulars-grid-main{grid-template-columns:1fr;}
  .ij-particulars-grid-main .ij-particular-row{border-right:0;grid-template-columns:105px 1fr;}
  .ij-editorial-sidebar{grid-template-columns:1fr;}
  .ij-meta-grid-v2{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));}
  .ij-meta-grid-v2>div{border-bottom:1px solid #dce7ee;}
  .ij-related-grid-v2{grid-template-columns:1fr;}
  .ij-toc-card-v2 nav{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));}
  .ij-footer-grid-editorial{grid-template-columns:1fr;}
  .ij-footer-bottom-inner{display:grid;padding:8px 0;text-align:center;}
}
@media (max-width:520px){
  .ij-container{width:min(calc(100% - 20px),1240px);}
  .ij-hero-editorial{min-height:240px;}
  .ij-hero-editorial h1{font-size:32px;}
  .ij-hero-editorial p{font-size:13px;}
  .ij-current-editorial-body{grid-template-columns:1fr;}
  .ij-current-editorial .ij-current-cover{max-width:155px;}
  .ij-home-article-table{min-width:760px;}
  .ij-article-actions-v2{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));}
  .ij-action-btn{width:100%;}
  .ij-toc-card-v2 nav{grid-template-columns:1fr;}
}

/* ===== customizable.css ===== */
/* v1.7.0 customization support. Layout-only helpers; visual values come from Customizer CSS variables. */
.ij-branding-no-search{grid-template-columns:1fr!important;}
.ij-editorial-grid-full{grid-template-columns:1fr!important;}
.ij-article-layout-full{grid-template-columns:1fr!important;}
.ij-home-no-sidebar .ij-editorial-main{max-width:none;}
.ij-marquee-home{background:#fff;border-bottom:1px solid var(--ij-line);padding:8px 0;}
.ij-marquee-home-inner{overflow:hidden;border:1px solid var(--ij-line);border-radius:var(--ij-radius);padding:8px 12px;background:var(--ij-white);}
.ij-header-custom,.ij-home-custom-block,.ij-footer-custom{padding:10px 0;}
.ij-header-custom>*:first-child,.ij-home-custom-block>*:first-child,.ij-footer-custom>*:first-child{margin-top:0;}
.ij-header-custom>*:last-child,.ij-home-custom-block>*:last-child,.ij-footer-custom>*:last-child{margin-bottom:0;}
.ij-footer-cols-1 .ij-footer-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;}
.ij-footer-cols-2 .ij-footer-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));}
.ij-footer-cols-3 .ij-footer-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));}
.ij-footer-cols-4 .ij-footer-grid{grid-template-columns:1.25fr .9fr .9fr .9fr;}
.ij-footer-custom{border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.12);}
@media (max-width:760px){
  .ij-footer-cols-2 .ij-footer-grid,.ij-footer-cols-3 .ij-footer-grid,.ij-footer-cols-4 .ij-footer-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;}
}


/* Journal Particulars — reference-style editable table */
.ij-particulars-reference {
  padding: 24px 32px 28px;
  overflow: hidden;
}
.ij-particulars-heading-wrap {
  margin: 0 0 20px;
}
.ij-particulars-title-badge {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 7px;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 10px 18px;
  border-radius: 4px;
  background: var(--ij-particulars-heading-bg, #58c96b);
  color: var(--ij-particulars-heading-text, #fff);
  font-family: var(--ij-body-font);
  font-size: var(--ij-particulars-heading-size, 12pt);
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.2;
}
.ij-particulars-title-badge .ij-panel-icon {
  width: 17px;
  height: 17px;
  flex: 0 0 auto;
}
.ij-particulars-reference .ij-particulars-grid-main {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  border: 1px solid var(--ij-particulars-border, #b8bec2);
  background: var(--ij-particulars-value-bg, #fff);
}
.ij-particulars-reference .ij-particular-row {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(170px, var(--ij-particulars-label-width, 32%)) minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 0;
  min-height: 50px;
  padding: 0;
  border: 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ij-particulars-border, #b8bec2);
  background: transparent;
}
.ij-particulars-reference .ij-particular-row:last-child {
  border-bottom: 0;
}
.ij-particulars-reference .ij-particular-row:nth-child(even) {
  background: transparent;
}
.ij-particulars-reference .ij-particular-row dt,
.ij-particulars-reference .ij-particular-row dd {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  margin: 0;
  padding: var(--ij-particulars-row-py, 11px) 14px;
  font-family: var(--ij-heading-font);
  font-size: var(--ij-particulars-font-size, 12pt);
  line-height: 1.35;
  overflow-wrap: anywhere;
}
.ij-particulars-reference .ij-particular-row dt {
  justify-content: center;
  border-right: 1px solid var(--ij-particulars-border, #b8bec2);
  background: var(--ij-particulars-label-bg, #15583f);
  color: var(--ij-particulars-label-text, #fff);
  font-weight: 700;
}
.ij-particulars-reference .ij-particular-row dd {
  justify-content: center;
  background: var(--ij-particulars-value-bg, #fff);
  color: var(--ij-particulars-value-text, #101010);
  font-weight: 400;
}
.ij-particulars-reference .ij-particular-link {
  color: #0a5c43;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-decoration: none;
  text-underline-offset: 2px;
}
.ij-particulars-reference .ij-particular-link:hover,
.ij-particulars-reference .ij-particular-link:focus-visible {
  text-decoration: underline;
}

@media (max-width: 760px) {
  .ij-particulars-reference {
    padding: 18px 16px 20px;
  }
  .ij-particulars-reference .ij-particular-row {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(125px, 38%) minmax(0, 1fr);
  }
  .ij-particulars-reference .ij-particular-row dt,
  .ij-particulars-reference .ij-particular-row dd {
    padding-left: 10px;
    padding-right: 10px;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 520px) {
  .ij-particulars-reference {
    padding: 15px 12px 18px;
  }
  .ij-particulars-title-badge {
    max-width: 100%;
  }
  .ij-particulars-reference .ij-particular-row {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
  .ij-particulars-reference .ij-particular-row dt {
    justify-content: flex-start;
    border-right: 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ij-particulars-border, #b8bec2);
  }
  .ij-particulars-reference .ij-particular-row dd {
    justify-content: flex-start;
    min-height: 44px;
  }
}

/* ===== v180.css ===== */
/* v1.8.0 publishing/admin-facing UI additions. */
.ij-citation-formats-v180{margin-top:18px}.ij-citation-list-v180{display:grid;gap:10px}.ij-citation-row-v180{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) auto;gap:14px;align-items:start;padding:12px 14px;border:1px solid var(--ij-line);border-radius:8px;background:#f8fbfd}.ij-citation-row-v180 strong{display:block;margin-bottom:4px}.ij-citation-row-v180 p{margin:0;line-height:1.55;word-break:break-word}.ij-copy-cite-v180{border:1px solid var(--ij-primary);background:#fff;color:var(--ij-primary);padding:6px 10px;border-radius:6px;font:inherit;font-weight:700;cursor:pointer}.ij-copy-cite-v180:hover,.ij-copy-cite-v180:focus-visible{background:var(--ij-primary);color:#fff}.ij-license-box-v180{margin:16px 0;padding:12px 14px;border-left:4px solid var(--ij-accent);background:#f6faf3;border-radius:6px}.ij-license-box-v180 a{text-decoration:underline}.ij-article-neighbors-v180{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:16px;margin:22px 0 0;padding-top:18px;border-top:1px solid var(--ij-line)}.ij-article-neighbors-v180>div{min-width:0}.ij-article-neighbors-v180 span{display:block;font-size:.78em;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.04em;color:var(--ij-muted);font-weight:700;margin-bottom:4px}.ij-article-neighbors-v180 a{font-weight:700;line-height:1.35}.ij-next-article-v180{text-align:right}.ij-special-issue-label-v180{display:inline-block;margin:0 0 8px;padding:4px 9px;border-radius:999px;background:#eaf7df;color:#245d18;font-weight:700;font-size:.85em}.ij-special-issue-mini-v180{display:inline-block;margin-left:8px;padding:2px 6px;border-radius:999px;background:#eaf7df;color:#245d18;font-size:11px;font-weight:700}.ij-editorial-note-v180{margin:0 0 18px;padding:14px 16px;border:1px solid var(--ij-line);border-left:4px solid var(--ij-primary);background:#f8fbfd;border-radius:8px}.ij-editorial-note-v180 strong{display:block;margin-bottom:5px}.ij-editorial-note-v180 p{margin:0}.ij-current-period-v180{margin:.1rem 0 .65rem;color:var(--ij-muted);font-weight:600}.ij-action-verify{background:#168a4b!important}.ij-action-certificate{background:#6a5acd!important}@media(max-width:720px){.ij-citation-row-v180{grid-template-columns:1fr}.ij-copy-cite-v180{justify-self:start}.ij-article-neighbors-v180{grid-template-columns:1fr}.ij-next-article-v180{text-align:left}}
/* v1.9.0 OAI-PMH / scalability UI */
.ij-index-badges .ij-index-oai{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;padding:.34rem .62rem;border:1px solid var(--ij-line);border-radius:999px;background:#fff;color:var(--ij-primary);font-weight:700;text-decoration:none}.ij-index-badges .ij-index-oai:hover,.ij-index-badges .ij-index-oai:focus-visible{background:var(--ij-primary);color:#fff;border-color:var(--ij-primary)}

/* ===== native-builder.css ===== */
/* Journal Theme native builder layer — keeps Elementor optional. */

/* Header utility composition */
.ij-native-header-utility{display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-end;justify-content:center;gap:10px;min-width:0;}
.ij-header-actions{display:flex;justify-content:flex-end;gap:10px;flex-wrap:wrap;}
.ij-header-cta{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;white-space:nowrap;}
.ij-header-widget-area{width:100%;max-width:520px;text-align:right;}
.ij-header-widget{margin:0;}
.ij-header-widget-title{font-size:14px;margin:0 0 4px;}
.ij-header-widget p{margin:0;}
.ij-topbar-custom-text{font-weight:600;}
.ij-topbar-menu-list{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0;}
.ij-topbar-menu-list a{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;}
.ij-header-layout-centered .ij-native-header-utility{align-items:center;}
.ij-header-layout-centered .ij-header-widget-area{text-align:center;}

/* Native page/sidebar layouts */
.ij-native-layout{align-items:start;}
.ij-native-layout>.ij-entry,.ij-native-layout>aside{min-width:0;}
.ij-native-fullwidth>.ij-entry{width:100%;max-width:none;}

/* Native homepage custom sections */
.ij-native-custom-sections{display:grid;gap:16px;margin-top:18px;margin-bottom:18px;}
.ij-native-custom-section{padding:24px;border-radius:var(--ij-radius);min-width:0;}
.ij-native-custom-section h2{margin:0 0 12px;font-size:var(--ij-section-heading-size);}
.ij-native-custom-section p:first-child{margin-top:0;}
.ij-native-custom-section p:last-child{margin-bottom:0;}
.ij-native-custom-card{background:var(--ij-white);border:1px solid var(--ij-line);box-shadow:var(--ij-shadow);}
.ij-native-custom-soft{background:var(--ij-soft);border:1px solid var(--ij-line);}
.ij-native-custom-plain{padding-left:0;padding-right:0;background:transparent;}
.ij-native-custom-accent{background:linear-gradient(135deg,var(--ij-primary-dark),var(--ij-primary));color:#fff;}
.ij-native-custom-accent h2,.ij-native-custom-accent a:not(.ij-btn){color:#fff;}
.ij-native-custom-content>*:first-child{margin-top:0;}
.ij-native-custom-content>*:last-child{margin-bottom:0;}
.ij-native-custom-action{margin-top:16px!important;}

/* Native footer builder */
.ij-footer-native-builder .ij-footer-grid{display:grid;align-items:start;}
.ij-footer-column{min-width:0;}
.ij-footer-column h3{margin:0 0 12px;}
.ij-footer-column ul{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0;}
.ij-footer-column li+li{margin-top:7px;}
.ij-footer-column p{margin:0 0 8px;}
.ij-footer-column .widget{margin:0 0 16px;}
.ij-footer-column .widget:last-child{margin-bottom:0;}
.ij-footer-custom-column>*:first-child{margin-top:0;}
.ij-footer-custom-column>*:last-child{margin-bottom:0;}
.ij-footer-empty-note{font-size:13px;opacity:.8;}

/* Keep compact mobile header usable without a builder. */
@media (max-width:980px){
  .ij-header-layout-classic .ij-branding-inner,.ij-header-layout-compact .ij-branding-inner,.ij-header-layout-split .ij-branding-inner{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr)!important;}
  .ij-native-header-utility{align-items:flex-start;width:100%;}
  .ij-header-actions,.ij-native-header-utility .ij-search{justify-content:flex-start;width:100%;}
  .ij-header-widget-area{text-align:left;max-width:none;}
  .ij-header-layout-split .ij-brand-meta{justify-content:flex-start;}
  .ij-topbar-menu-list{flex-wrap:wrap;}
}
@media (max-width:680px){
  .ij-header-mobile-compact{padding-top:4px!important;padding-bottom:4px!important;}
  .ij-header-mobile-compact .ij-branding-inner{min-height:64px!important;padding-top:6px!important;padding-bottom:6px!important;}
  .ij-header-mobile-compact .ij-brand-block{gap:10px;}
  .ij-header-mobile-compact .custom-logo{max-height:58px!important;width:auto!important;}
  .ij-header-mobile-compact .ij-native-header-utility{gap:7px;}
  .ij-native-custom-section{padding:18px;}
  .ij-footer-bottom-inner{gap:8px;flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-start;}
}

/* Neutralize generic sidebar widget chrome inside header/footer builder zones. */
.ij-header-widget.widget,.ij-footer-widget.widget{border:0;border-radius:0;padding:0;background:transparent;box-shadow:none;}
.ij-header-widget .widget-title,.ij-footer-widget .widget-title{margin:0 0 8px;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;}

/* ===== plugin-compat.css ===== */
/*
 * Generic third-party plugin compatibility.
 * Rules are deliberately scoped to theme content wrappers/body classes so
 * plugin-owned admin screens, modals and unrelated components are untouched.
 */

.ijgaai-plugin-fullwidth .ij-content-grid {
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);
}

.ijgaai-plugin-fullwidth .ij-content-grid > aside {
  display: none;
}

.ijgaai-plugin-fullwidth .ij-entry,
.ijgaai-plugin-fullwidth .ij-entry-content,
.ijgaai-builder-page .ij-entry,
.ijgaai-builder-page .ij-entry-content {
  min-width: 0;
  max-width: none;
}

/* Prevent embedded plugin UIs from overflowing narrow devices. */
.ij-entry-content iframe,
.ij-entry-content embed,
.ij-entry-content object,
.ij-entry-content video,
.ij-entry-content canvas,
.ij-entry-content svg,
.ij-entry-content .select2-container,
.ij-entry-content .choices,
.ij-entry-content .iti,
.ij-entry-content .flatpickr-calendar {
  max-width: 100%;
}

.ij-entry-content iframe,
.ij-entry-content video {
  width: 100%;
}

/* Plugin-generated data tables remain horizontally usable instead of clipping. */
.ijgaai-plugin-fullwidth .ij-entry-content .woocommerce,
.ijgaai-plugin-fullwidth .ij-entry-content .woocommerce-page,
.ijgaai-plugin-fullwidth .ij-entry-content .tribe-events,
.ijgaai-plugin-fullwidth .ij-entry-content .bbpress-wrapper,
.ijgaai-plugin-fullwidth .ij-entry-content .learndash-wrapper,
.ijgaai-plugin-fullwidth .ij-entry-content .tutor-wrap,
.ijgaai-plugin-fullwidth .ij-entry-content .um,
.ijgaai-plugin-fullwidth .ij-entry-content .pmpro,
.ijgaai-plugin-fullwidth .ij-entry-content .edd-wrap,
.ijgaai-plugin-fullwidth .ij-entry-content .wpforms-container,
.ijgaai-plugin-fullwidth .ij-entry-content .wpcf7,
.ijgaai-plugin-fullwidth .ij-entry-content .gform_wrapper,
.ijgaai-plugin-fullwidth .ij-entry-content .frm_forms,
.ijgaai-plugin-fullwidth .ij-entry-content .fluentform,
.ijgaai-plugin-fullwidth .ij-entry-content .nf-form-cont {
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 100%;
}

.ijgaai-plugin-fullwidth .ij-entry-content table {
  max-width: 100%;
}

/* Respect Gutenberg wide/full alignment inside the journal content area. */
.ij-entry-content .alignwide {
  width: min(100%, var(--ij-container));
  max-width: var(--ij-container);
}

.ijgaai-plugin-fullwidth .ij-entry-content .alignfull {
  width: 100%;
  max-width: none;
  margin-left: 0;
  margin-right: 0;
}

/* Common page builders should inherit space, not the theme's article widths. */
.ijgaai-builder-page .ij-entry-content > .elementor,
.ijgaai-builder-page .ij-entry-content > .et-l,
.ijgaai-builder-page .ij-entry-content > .vc_row,
.ijgaai-builder-page .ij-entry-content > .fl-builder-content,
.ijgaai-builder-page .ij-entry-content > .brz {
  width: 100%;
  max-width: none;
}

/* Form controls: preserve plugin styling while preventing overflow. */
.ijgaai-plugin-fullwidth .ij-entry-content input:not([type="checkbox"]):not([type="radio"]):not([type="submit"]):not([type="button"]):not([type="reset"]),
.ijgaai-plugin-fullwidth .ij-entry-content select,
.ijgaai-plugin-fullwidth .ij-entry-content textarea {
  max-width: 100%;
}

@media (max-width: 760px) {
  .ijgaai-plugin-fullwidth .ij-entry-content table {
    font-size: inherit;
  }

  .ijgaai-plugin-fullwidth .ij-entry-content .woocommerce table,
  .ijgaai-plugin-fullwidth .ij-entry-content .tribe-events table,
  .ijgaai-plugin-fullwidth .ij-entry-content .bbpress-wrapper table {
    display: block;
    overflow-x: auto;
    -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;
  }
}

/* ===== ui-polish.css ===== */
/* v1.9.3 scholarly UI polish — compact spacing, stronger hierarchy and mobile metadata. */
:root{
  --ij-polish-shadow:0 8px 24px rgba(4,63,105,.055);
  --ij-polish-shadow-hover:0 12px 30px rgba(4,63,105,.085);
}

/* Compact homepage rhythm without making content feel cramped. */
.ij-main-editorial{padding:12px 0 18px;}
.ij-editorial-grid{gap:16px;}
.ij-editorial-main>.ij-panel{margin-bottom:11px;}
.ij-section-head-tight{padding:8px 12px;}
.ij-current-editorial-body{gap:16px;padding:12px;}
.ij-current-editorial h3{margin-bottom:7px;}
.ij-current-editorial p{margin-bottom:11px;}
.ij-trust-item{min-height:48px;}
.ij-sidebar-card{box-shadow:var(--ij-polish-shadow);transition:box-shadow .18s ease,border-color .18s ease,transform .18s ease;}
.ij-sidebar-card:hover{border-color:#c7dce8;box-shadow:var(--ij-polish-shadow-hover);transform:translateY(-1px);}
.ij-sidebar-card-head{min-height:40px;padding:8px 11px;background:linear-gradient(180deg,#fbfdff,#f3f8fb);}
.ij-sidebar-help .ij-sidebar-card-head{border-left:3px solid #0c6da4;}
.ij-sidebar-quick .ij-sidebar-card-head{border-left:3px solid #7659c9;}
.ij-sidebar-index .ij-sidebar-card-head{border-left:3px solid #168b48;}
.ij-call-card .ij-sidebar-card-head{border-left:3px solid #168b48;}
.ij-editorial-link-list a{padding:7px 4px;line-height:1.35;}

/* More scholarly article reading hierarchy on desktop. */
@media (min-width:981px){
  .ij-article-hero-v2 .ij-entry-title{font-size:18pt;line-height:1.24;letter-spacing:-.12px;}
  .ij-author-line-v2{font-size:12.5pt;line-height:1.42;}
  .ij-affiliations-v2{font-size:11pt;line-height:1.52;}
  .ij-article-section-v2>h2,.ij-fulltext-title-v2,.ij-related-v2 h2{font-size:13pt;line-height:1.35;}
  .ij-abstract-text-v2,.ij-article-prose{font-size:12.25pt;line-height:1.68;}
  .ij-article-prose>p{margin-bottom:12px;}
  .ij-keywords-box-v2{font-size:11.5pt;line-height:1.55;}
}

/* Journal Particulars: stronger table hierarchy and clean mobile stacking. */
.ij-journal-particulars-main{overflow:hidden;}
.ij-particulars-grid-main dt{letter-spacing:.01em;}
.ij-particulars-grid-main dd{overflow-wrap:anywhere;}
@media (max-width:560px){
  .ij-particulars-grid-main{grid-template-columns:1fr;}
  .ij-particulars-grid-main .ij-particular-row,
  .ij-particulars-grid-main .ij-particular-row:nth-child(even){grid-template-columns:1fr;border-right:0;min-height:0;}
  .ij-particulars-grid-main dt{padding:7px 10px 4px;background:#f4f8fb;color:#184e74;border-bottom:0;font-size:10.5pt;}
  .ij-particulars-grid-main dd{padding:5px 10px 9px;background:#fff;font-size:11.5pt;line-height:1.4;}
}

/* Footer: clearer publisher/policy hierarchy plus a scholarly-discovery strip. */
.ij-footer-editorial{border-top:4px solid #168b48;background:linear-gradient(180deg,#064f79,#034568);}
.ij-footer-grid-editorial{padding:24px 0 22px;gap:26px;}
.ij-footer-editorial h3{font-size:11.5px;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.045em;margin-bottom:10px;}
.ij-footer-editorial p,.ij-footer-editorial li,.ij-footer-editorial a{font-size:10px;line-height:1.55;}
.ij-footer-grid-editorial>div:not(:first-child){padding-left:18px;border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.10);}
.ij-footer-brand-row h3{text-transform:none;letter-spacing:0;font-size:13px;line-height:1.3;}
.ij-footer-social-icons a{width:29px;height:29px;background:rgba(255,255,255,.12);transition:background .18s ease,transform .18s ease;}
.ij-footer-social-icons a:hover{background:rgba(255,255,255,.22);transform:translateY(-1px);}
.ij-footer-discovery{border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.12);background:rgba(0,34,57,.18);}
.ij-footer-discovery-inner{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:16px;padding:10px 0;}
.ij-footer-discovery-title{flex:0 0 auto;color:#fff;font-size:10px;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.06em;}
.ij-footer-discovery-badges{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:7px;flex-wrap:wrap;}
.ij-footer-discovery-badges span,.ij-footer-discovery-badges a{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;min-height:25px;padding:4px 8px;border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.18);border-radius:999px;background:rgba(255,255,255,.08);color:#f2f8fb!important;font-size:9px!important;font-weight:700;line-height:1.1;}
.ij-footer-discovery-badges a:hover{background:rgba(255,255,255,.16);}
.ij-footer-bottom-inner{min-height:38px;font-size:9px;}

@media (max-width:980px){
  .ij-footer-grid-editorial>div:not(:first-child){padding-left:0;border-left:0;}
  .ij-footer-discovery-inner{align-items:flex-start;flex-direction:column;gap:7px;}
}
@media (max-width:760px){
  .ij-main-editorial{padding:10px 0 14px;}
  .ij-editorial-main>.ij-panel{margin-bottom:10px;}
  .ij-sidebar-card:hover{transform:none;}
  .ij-footer-grid-editorial{padding:18px 0 16px;gap:16px;}
}


/* v1.9.4 mobile sidebar containment + Elementor builder hardening. */
@media (max-width:980px){
  .ij-editorial-grid{display:grid!important;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr)!important;gap:14px!important;width:100%!important;max-width:100%!important;}
  .ij-editorial-main,.ij-editorial-sidebar{grid-column:1/-1!important;width:100%!important;max-width:100%!important;min-width:0!important;}
  .ij-editorial-main>* ,.ij-editorial-sidebar>*{width:100%;max-width:100%;min-width:0;}
  .ij-editorial-sidebar{display:flex!important;flex-direction:column!important;align-items:stretch!important;}
  .ij-sidebar-card,.ij-home-widget-area,.ij-home-widget,.ij-panel{min-width:0;max-width:100%;overflow-wrap:anywhere;}
  .ij-sidebar-card img,.ij-home-widget-area img,.ij-panel img{max-width:100%;height:auto;}
}
@media (max-width:760px){
  .ij-main-editorial{padding-top:10px;}
  .ij-particulars-reference{padding:14px 10px 16px!important;}
  .ij-particulars-reference .ij-particular-row{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr)!important;}
  .ij-particulars-reference .ij-particular-row dt{justify-content:flex-start!important;text-align:left!important;border-right:0!important;border-bottom:1px solid var(--ij-particulars-border,#b8bec2);padding:8px 10px 5px!important;}
  .ij-particulars-reference .ij-particular-row dd{justify-content:flex-start!important;text-align:left!important;min-height:42px;padding:6px 10px 9px!important;}
  .ij-home-article-table-wrap{max-width:100%;overflow-x:auto;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch;}
}

/* Builder pages get the available canvas; the theme does not impose journal sidebars or entry chrome. */
.ijgaai-builder-page .ij-content-grid,
.ij-builder-front-page{width:100%;max-width:none;min-width:0;}
.ijgaai-builder-page .ij-content-grid{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr)!important;}
.ijgaai-builder-page .ij-content-grid>aside{display:none!important;}
.ijgaai-builder-page .ij-content-wrap>.ij-container{width:100%;max-width:none;margin:0;padding:0;}
.ijgaai-builder-page .ij-entry{width:100%;max-width:none;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;box-shadow:none;background:transparent;}
.ijgaai-builder-page .ij-entry-header{display:none;}
.ijgaai-builder-page .ij-entry-content,
.ij-builder-front-content{width:100%;max-width:none;min-width:0;margin:0;padding:0;overflow:visible;}
.ij-builder-front-article{margin:0;padding:0;}
.ij-builder-front-content>.elementor,
.ijgaai-builder-page .ij-entry-content>.elementor{width:100%;max-width:none;}
.elementor-page .elementor,
.elementor-page .elementor-section,
.elementor-page .e-con,
.elementor-page .elementor-container{min-width:0;max-width:100%;}
@media (max-width:767px){
  .elementor-page .elementor-widget-container iframe,
  .elementor-page .elementor-widget-container img,
  .elementor-page .elementor-widget-container video{max-width:100%;height:auto;}
}

/* ===== production-hardening.css ===== */
/* Journal Theme 2.0 production hardening. Keep selectors deliberately scoped. */

/* Modern design-system fallbacks. */
:root{
  --ij-space-1:4px;--ij-space-2:8px;--ij-space-3:12px;--ij-space-4:16px;
  --ij-space-5:24px;--ij-space-6:32px;--ij-touch:44px;
}

/* Prevent flex/grid children and scholarly/plugin content from forcing overflow. */
.ij-container,.ij-content-grid,.ij-entry,.ij-entry-content,.ij-editorial-grid,
.ij-editorial-main,.ij-editorial-sidebar,.ij-panel,.ij-sidebar-card{min-width:0;}
.ij-entry-content,.ij-article-prose,.ij-particulars-grid-main dd,.ij-footer{overflow-wrap:anywhere;word-break:normal;}
.ij-entry-content img,.ij-entry-content video,.ij-entry-content iframe,.ij-entry-content embed,.ij-entry-content object,
.ij-mockup-home img,.ij-mockup-home video,.ij-mockup-home iframe{max-width:100%;height:auto;}

/* Keyboard access must remain visible even when plugin styles reset outlines. */
.ijgaai-journal a:focus-visible,
.ijgaai-journal button:focus-visible,
body a:focus-visible,
body button:focus-visible,
body input:focus-visible,
body select:focus-visible,
body textarea:focus-visible{
  outline:3px solid #ffbf47;outline-offset:3px;
}
.screen-reader-text:focus{z-index:100000;clip:auto!important;clip-path:none!important;width:auto!important;height:auto!important;padding:10px 14px;background:#fff;color:#0b3150;box-shadow:0 2px 12px rgba(0,0,0,.18);}

/* Native and plugin tables remain usable on narrow screens without shrinking the whole page. */
.ij-entry-content table,.ij-home-article-table{max-width:100%;}
@media (max-width:760px){
  .ij-home-article-table-wrap,.ij-entry-content .table-responsive,.ij-entry-content .wp-block-table{max-width:100%;overflow-x:auto;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch;}
  .ij-btn,.ij-mini-btn,.ij-menu-toggle,.ij-editorial-link-list a{min-height:var(--ij-touch);}
  .ij-menu-toggle{min-width:var(--ij-touch);display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;}
  .ij-editorial-sidebar{order:2;}
  .ij-editorial-main{order:1;}
}

/* Builder/plugin canvases own their internal widths; theme only prevents accidental overflow. */
.ijgaai-builder-page .ij-content-wrap,
.ijgaai-builder-front .ij-builder-front-page,
.ij-template-fullwidth{width:100%;max-width:none;}
.elementor-page .elementor-element,.elementor-page .e-con-inner,.elementor-page .elementor-widget{min-width:0;}

/* Respect motion preferences across the theme's own UI. */
@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){
  html{scroll-behavior:auto!important;}
  .ij-sidebar-card,.ij-footer-social-icons a,.ij-btn,.ij-menu-wrap,*[class*="ij-"]{animation-duration:.001ms!important;animation-iteration-count:1!important;transition-duration:.001ms!important;scroll-behavior:auto!important;}
}

/* High contrast / forced-colour environments should keep controls discoverable. */
@media (forced-colors:active){
  .ij-btn,.ij-mini-btn,.ij-menu-toggle,.ij-sidebar-card,.ij-panel{border:1px solid ButtonText;}
}

/* Clean scholarly print output. */
@media print{
  .ij-topbar,.ij-branding,.ij-nav,.ij-footer,.ij-editorial-sidebar,.ij-breadcrumbs,
  .ij-article-actions-v2,.ij-share-tools,.ij-related-v2,.ij-menu-toggle,.ij-btn,.ij-mini-btn{display:none!important;}
  body{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.5;}
  .ij-container,.ij-content-grid,.ij-entry,.ij-article-shell,.ij-reference-paper{width:100%!important;max-width:none!important;margin:0!important;padding:0!important;box-shadow:none!important;border:0!important;}
  a{color:#000!important;text-decoration:none!important;}
  a[href^="http"]:after{content:" (" attr(href) ")";font-size:8pt;word-break:break-all;}
  .ij-entry-title{color:#000!important;}
}

/* ===== home-indexing.css ===== */
/* Homepage indexing & abstracting strip — v2.3.0 */
.ij-home-indexing {
  --ij-home-index-bg: #f4fbfd;
  --ij-home-index-text: var(--ij-text, #16324a);
  --ij-home-index-title: var(--ij-primary-dark, #003c68);
  --ij-home-index-border: #263746;
  --ij-home-index-border-width: 4px;
  --ij-home-index-logo-height: 58px;
  --ij-home-index-gap: 22px;
  --ij-home-index-py: 24px;
  --ij-home-index-item-min: 135px;
  --ij-home-index-item-bg: #ffffff;
  --ij-home-index-item-radius: 6px;
  background: var(--ij-home-index-bg);
  color: var(--ij-home-index-text);
  padding: var(--ij-home-index-py) 0;
  width: 100%;
  overflow: hidden;
}
.ij-home-indexing-strip { border-top: var(--ij-home-index-border-width) solid var(--ij-home-index-border); }
.ij-home-indexing-boxed { background: transparent; }
.ij-home-indexing-boxed .ij-home-indexing-inner {
  border: max(1px,var(--ij-home-index-border-width)) solid var(--ij-home-index-border);
  border-radius: var(--ij-radius, 10px);
  padding: max(16px,var(--ij-home-index-py));
  background: var(--ij-home-index-bg);
}
.ij-home-indexing-plain { background: transparent; }
.ij-home-indexing-head { margin: 0 0 18px; text-align: var(--ij-home-index-align, center); }
.ij-home-indexing-head h2 { margin: 0; color: var(--ij-home-index-title); font-size: var(--ij-section-heading-size, 24px); line-height: 1.25; }
.ij-home-indexing-head p { margin: 6px 0 0; color: var(--ij-home-index-text); opacity: .82; }
.ij-home-indexing-logos {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: var(--ij-home-index-justify, center);
  gap: var(--ij-home-index-gap);
}
.ij-home-indexing-item {
  min-width: min(100%, var(--ij-home-index-item-min));
  min-height: calc(var(--ij-home-index-logo-height) + 20px);
  flex: 1 1 var(--ij-home-index-item-min);
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 8px;
  padding: 10px 12px;
  border-radius: var(--ij-home-index-item-radius);
  background: var(--ij-home-index-item-bg);
  color: var(--ij-home-index-text) !important;
  text-align: center;
  transition: transform .18s ease, box-shadow .18s ease, opacity .18s ease;
}
.ij-home-indexing-item img {
  display: block;
  width: auto;
  max-width: 100%;
  height: var(--ij-home-index-logo-height);
  max-height: var(--ij-home-index-logo-height);
  object-fit: contain;
  margin: 0 auto;
  filter: var(--ij-home-index-filter, none);
}
.ij-home-indexing-item span { font-size: .88em; font-weight: 650; line-height: 1.3; }
.ij-home-indexing-text-only { padding: 9px 14px; border: 1px solid var(--ij-line, #dce6ee); border-radius: 999px; background: #fff; }
.ij-home-indexing-hover a.ij-home-indexing-item:hover { transform: translateY(-2px); box-shadow: 0 8px 22px rgba(0,54,92,.08); }
.ij-home-indexing-banner-wrap { text-align: var(--ij-home-index-align, center); }
.ij-home-indexing-banner-link { display: inline-block; max-width: 100%; }
.ij-home-indexing-banner { display: block; max-width: 100%; height: auto; margin-inline: auto; }
.ij-home-indexing-badges { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; justify-content: var(--ij-home-index-justify, center); gap: 10px; }
.ij-home-indexing-badges span { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; min-height: 38px; padding: 8px 14px; border: 1px solid var(--ij-line, #dce6ee); border-radius: 999px; background: #fff; color: var(--ij-home-index-text); font-weight: 650; }
@media (max-width: 780px) {
  .ij-home-indexing-item { flex-basis: max(118px, calc(50% - var(--ij-home-index-gap))); min-width: 0; }
}
@media (max-width: 420px) {
  .ij-home-indexing-item { flex-basis: calc(50% - 8px); padding-inline: 6px; }
  .ij-home-indexing-logos { gap: 14px 10px; }
  .ij-home-indexing-head { margin-bottom: 14px; }
}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  .ij-home-indexing-item { transition: none; }
  .ij-home-indexing-hover .ij-home-indexing-item:hover { transform: none; }
}

/* ===== footer-composer.css ===== */
/* Full Footer HTML / native composer — v2.4.0 */
.ij-footer-html-shell{
  background:var(--ij-footer-bg,#064a73);
  color:var(--ij-footer-text,#dcecf6);
  width:100%;
  overflow:hidden;
}
.ij-footer-html-shell .ij-footer-html-inner{min-width:0;}
.ij-footer-html-shell.ij-footer-html-width-full .ij-footer-html-inner{width:100%;max-width:none;margin:0;padding-inline:clamp(16px,3vw,48px);}
.ij-footer-html-shell a{color:inherit;}
.ij-footer-html-shell img{max-width:100%;height:auto;}
.ij-footer-html-shell *{box-sizing:border-box;}

/* Composer primitives inserted by the Customizer toolbar. */
.ij-footer-html-shell .ij-fb-row{
  display:grid;
  grid-template-columns:repeat(var(--ij-fb-cols,1),minmax(0,1fr));
  gap:var(--ij-fb-gap,22px);
  align-items:start;
  min-width:0;
}
.ij-footer-html-shell .ij-fb-row-2{--ij-fb-cols:2;}
.ij-footer-html-shell .ij-fb-row-3{--ij-fb-cols:3;}
.ij-footer-html-shell .ij-fb-row-4{--ij-fb-cols:4;}
.ij-footer-html-shell .ij-fb-col{min-width:0;}
.ij-footer-html-shell .ij-fb-box{
  padding:var(--ij-fb-box-padding,18px);
  border:1px solid var(--ij-fb-box-border,#2d789e);
  border-radius:var(--ij-fb-box-radius,8px);
  background:var(--ij-fb-box-bg,#0b557c);
  min-width:0;
}
.ij-footer-html-shell .ij-fb-box>*:first-child{margin-top:0;}
.ij-footer-html-shell .ij-fb-box>*:last-child{margin-bottom:0;}
.ij-footer-html-shell .ij-fb-line{
  display:block;
  width:100%;
  height:var(--ij-fb-line-width,1px);
  border:0;
  margin:var(--ij-fb-gap,22px) 0;
  background:var(--ij-fb-line-color,#2d789e);
}
.ij-footer-html-shell .ij-fb-spacer{display:block;height:var(--ij-fb-gap,22px);}
.ij-footer-html-shell .ij-fb-spacer-sm{height:calc(var(--ij-fb-gap,22px) * .5);}
.ij-footer-html-shell .ij-fb-spacer-lg{height:calc(var(--ij-fb-gap,22px) * 1.8);}
.ij-footer-html-shell .ij-fb-btn{
  display:inline-flex;
  align-items:center;
  justify-content:center;
  min-height:42px;
  padding:9px 16px;
  border-radius:var(--ij-button-radius,6px);
  background:var(--ij-primary,#005b96);
  color:#fff!important;
  text-decoration:none!important;
  font-weight:700;
}
.ij-footer-html-shell .ij-fb-btn:hover{background:var(--ij-primary-dark,#003c68);}
.ij-footer-html-shell .ij-fb-left{text-align:left!important;}
.ij-footer-html-shell .ij-fb-center{text-align:center!important;}
.ij-footer-html-shell .ij-fb-right{text-align:right!important;}
.ij-footer-html-shell .ij-fb-justify{text-align:justify!important;text-justify:inter-word;}
.ij-footer-html-shell .ij-fb-flex{display:flex;gap:var(--ij-fb-gap,22px);align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;}
.ij-footer-html-shell .ij-fb-between{justify-content:space-between;}

/* In Hybrid mode the HTML composer lives within the native footer colour system. */
.ij-footer .ij-footer-html-hybrid{background:transparent;padding-inline:0;}

@media (max-width:720px){
  .ij-footer-html-shell .ij-fb-row{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr);}
  .ij-footer-html-shell .ij-fb-flex{align-items:flex-start;}
}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){
  .ij-footer-html-shell *{scroll-behavior:auto!important;transition:none!important;animation:none!important;}
}
/* v2.7.0: Current Issue may hide its cover from Feature Manager. */
.ij-current-editorial-body.ij-current-no-cover{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr)!important}


/* === v2.8.0 strong mobile UX/UI layer === */
/* Journal Theme v2.8.0 — mobile-first UX/UI strengthening layer.
 * Intentionally presentation-only: no article, JRP, OAI-PMH or 100K query logic changes.
 */
:root{
  --ij-ux-surface:#ffffff;
  --ij-ux-surface-soft:#f7fafc;
  --ij-ux-line:#dbe6ee;
  --ij-ux-line-strong:#c8d8e3;
  --ij-ux-shadow:0 8px 24px rgba(3,54,88,.07);
  --ij-ux-shadow-strong:0 14px 36px rgba(3,54,88,.11);
  --ij-ux-focus:0 0 0 3px rgba(11,135,185,.24);
  --ij-ux-radius:10px;
  --ij-ux-touch:44px;
}

/* Predictable interaction affordances. */
a,button,input,select,textarea,summary{touch-action:manipulation;}
a,button,input,select,textarea,summary{outline-offset:3px;}
a:focus-visible,button:focus-visible,input:focus-visible,select:focus-visible,textarea:focus-visible,summary:focus-visible{
  outline:2px solid var(--ij-secondary,#0b87b9)!important;
  box-shadow:var(--ij-ux-focus);
}
button,.ij-btn,.ij-mini-btn,.ij-action-btn,.ij-screenshot-pdf{min-height:var(--ij-ux-touch);}
input:not([type="checkbox"]):not([type="radio"]),select,textarea{min-height:44px;border-radius:7px;}
textarea{min-height:120px;}

/* Cleaner scholarly card language. */
.ij-panel,.ij-sidebar-card,.ij-entry,.ij-article-meta-card-v2,.ij-toc-card-v2{
  border-color:var(--ij-ux-line);
}
.ij-panel,.ij-sidebar-card{box-shadow:var(--ij-ux-shadow);}
.ij-sidebar-card,.ij-panel,.ij-article-card{transition:border-color .18s ease,box-shadow .18s ease,transform .18s ease;}
@media (hover:hover) and (pointer:fine){
  .ij-sidebar-card:hover,.ij-article-card:hover{border-color:var(--ij-ux-line-strong);box-shadow:var(--ij-ux-shadow-strong);transform:translateY(-2px);}
}

/* Header + navigation: compact, legible and touch-safe. */
.ij-branding-academic .ij-branding-inner{padding-block:12px;}
.ij-branding-academic .ij-site-title{max-width:900px;text-wrap:balance;}
.ij-branding-academic .ij-tagline{max-width:850px;}
.ij-nav-academic .ij-menu>li>a{min-height:44px;display:flex;align-items:center;}
.ij-menu-toggle{min-width:44px;min-height:44px;align-items:center;justify-content:center;cursor:pointer;}
.ij-submenu-toggle{display:none;}

/* Homepage hierarchy. */
.ij-hero-editorial .ij-hero-content{max-width:800px;}
.ij-hero-editorial h1{text-wrap:balance;}
.ij-hero-editorial p{max-width:66ch;}
.ij-trust-item strong{line-height:1.3;}
.ij-section-head-tight h2{text-wrap:balance;}
.ij-current-editorial .ij-current-copy{min-width:0;}
.ij-current-editorial .ij-current-copy h3{text-wrap:balance;overflow-wrap:anywhere;}
.ij-particulars-grid-main dd,.ij-home-article-table td{overflow-wrap:anywhere;}

/* Article reading: comfortable measure and clean metadata. */
.ij-article-main-v2{min-width:0;}
.ij-article-hero-v2 .ij-entry-title{text-wrap:balance;overflow-wrap:anywhere;}
.ij-abstract-text-v2,.ij-article-prose{max-width:78ch;}
.ij-article-prose img,.ij-entry-content img{border-radius:6px;}
.ij-article-prose table,.ij-entry-content table{font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;}
.ij-doi-row-v2 a{overflow-wrap:anywhere;word-break:break-word;}
.ij-action-btn{justify-content:center;text-align:center;}
.ij-content-accordion summary{min-height:44px;display:flex;align-items:center;cursor:pointer;}

/* Tables get clearer row tracking on larger screens. */
@media (min-width:681px){
  .ij-home-article-table tbody tr{transition:background-color .15s ease;}
  .ij-home-article-table tbody tr:hover{background:#f8fbfd;}
  .ij-home-article-table th{position:sticky;top:0;z-index:1;box-shadow:0 1px 0 var(--ij-ux-line);}
}

/* Footer has stronger visual grouping without making it heavy. */
.ij-footer-editorial a{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;min-height:30px;}
.ij-footer-editorial .ij-footer-social-icons a{min-height:32px;min-width:32px;justify-content:center;}
.ij-footer-bottom-inner{line-height:1.45;}

/* Tablet */
@media (max-width:980px){
  .ij-branding-academic .ij-branding-inner{gap:10px;}
  .ij-branding-academic .ij-brand-meta{display:flex;align-items:stretch;gap:10px;flex-wrap:wrap;}
  .ij-branding-academic .ij-search{flex:1 1 260px;}
  .ij-branding-academic .ij-search form{max-width:none;}
  .ij-branding-academic .ij-header-actions{flex:0 0 auto;}
  .ij-editorial-sidebar{gap:12px;}
}

/* Mobile navigation becomes a contained drawer with collapsed submenus. */
@media (max-width:760px){
  body.ij-mobile-menu-open{overflow:hidden;}
  .ij-nav-academic{position:relative;z-index:1000;}
  .ij-nav-academic .ij-nav-inner{min-height:48px;}
  .ij-menu-toggle{display:inline-flex;}
  .ij-menu-wrap{
    display:none;
    position:absolute;
    top:100%;left:0;right:0;
    width:100%;
    max-height:calc(100dvh - 70px);
    overflow:auto;
    overscroll-behavior:contain;
    padding:8px 12px 16px;
    background:#044f78;
    border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.12);
    box-shadow:0 18px 35px rgba(0,28,48,.28);
  }
  .ij-menu-wrap.open{display:block;}
  .ij-menu{display:block;width:100%;}
  .ij-menu>li{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 44px;align-items:center;border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.11);}
  .ij-menu>li>a{grid-column:1/2;border:0!important;padding:11px 8px!important;min-height:46px;}
  .ij-menu>li:not(.menu-item-has-children):not(.page_item_has_children)>a{grid-column:1/-1;}
  .ij-submenu-toggle{
    display:inline-grid;
    grid-column:2/3;
    grid-row:1;
    place-items:center;
    width:44px;height:44px;min-height:44px;
    padding:0;border:0;border-radius:6px;
    background:rgba(255,255,255,.10);color:#fff;
    font-size:20px;line-height:1;cursor:pointer;
  }
  .ij-submenu-toggle::before{content:"+";font-weight:700;}
  .ij-submenu-toggle[aria-expanded="true"]::before{content:"−";}
  .ij-menu .sub-menu{
    display:none!important;
    position:static!important;
    grid-column:1/-1;
    margin:0 0 8px!important;
    padding:5px 0 5px 10px!important;
    min-width:0!important;
    background:rgba(255,255,255,.07)!important;
    box-shadow:none!important;
    border-radius:7px!important;
  }
  .ij-menu li.ij-submenu-open>.sub-menu{display:block!important;}
  .ij-menu .sub-menu a{min-height:44px;display:flex;align-items:center;padding:9px 10px!important;color:#fff!important;}

  /* Keep brand compact rather than stacking logo above title. */
  .ij-branding-academic .ij-branding-inner{padding-block:9px;}
  .ij-branding-academic .ij-brand-block{display:grid;grid-template-columns:auto minmax(0,1fr);align-items:center;gap:11px;}
  .ij-branding-academic .custom-logo{width:58px;height:58px;}
  .ij-branding-academic .ij-site-title{font-size:clamp(17px,5.2vw,21px)!important;line-height:1.17!important;}
  .ij-branding-academic .ij-tagline{font-size:12px!important;line-height:1.35;margin-top:4px;}
  .ij-branding-academic .ij-brand-meta{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) auto;width:100%;gap:8px;}
  .ij-branding-academic .ij-search{grid-column:1/-1;width:100%;}
  .ij-branding-academic .ij-search form{width:100%;max-width:none;}
  .ij-branding-academic .ij-header-actions{grid-column:1/-1;}
  .ij-branding-academic .ij-header-cta{width:100%;}

  /* Hero: shorter, faster to scan. */
  .ij-hero-editorial{min-height:0!important;}
  .ij-hero-editorial .ij-hero-content{padding:30px 0 32px;}
  .ij-hero-editorial h1{font-size:clamp(27px,8.2vw,36px)!important;line-height:1.08!important;margin-bottom:10px;}
  .ij-hero-editorial p{font-size:13px!important;line-height:1.5;margin-bottom:18px;}
  .ij-hero-editorial .ij-btn{max-width:100%;}

  /* Trust strip is compact and remains scannable. */
  .ij-trust-grid{gap:0;}
  .ij-trust-item{min-height:52px;padding:8px 9px;gap:7px;}
  .ij-trust-item strong{font-size:10.5px;}

  /* Current issue and sidebar are easier to scan on phones. */
  .ij-current-editorial-body{padding:11px!important;}
  .ij-current-editorial .ij-button-row{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:8px;}
  .ij-current-editorial .ij-btn{width:100%;}
  .ij-sidebar-card{border-radius:9px;overflow:hidden;}
  .ij-sidebar-card-head{min-height:44px;display:flex;align-items:center;}
  .ij-editorial-link-list a{min-height:44px;display:flex;align-items:center;padding:9px 5px!important;}

  /* Article page: touch-friendly actions and a chip-style mobile TOC. */
  .ij-article-page-v2 .ij-container{width:min(calc(100% - 20px),var(--ij-container));}
  .ij-article-hero-v2{padding-inline:0;}
  .ij-article-actions-v2{display:grid!important;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr))!important;gap:8px!important;}
  .ij-article-actions-v2 .ij-action-btn{width:100%;min-width:0;min-height:46px;white-space:normal;line-height:1.25;}
  .ij-meta-grid-v2{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr))!important;}
  .ij-toc-card-v2{padding:10px;overflow:hidden;}
  .ij-toc-card-v2 nav{display:flex!important;grid-template-columns:none!important;gap:7px!important;overflow-x:auto;padding:2px 1px 6px;scrollbar-width:thin;scroll-snap-type:x proximity;}
  .ij-toc-card-v2 a{flex:0 0 auto;min-height:40px;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;padding:7px 10px!important;border:1px solid var(--ij-ux-line)!important;border-radius:999px;background:#fff;scroll-snap-align:start;white-space:nowrap;}
  .ij-toc-card-v2 a:before{display:none;}
  .ij-toc-card-v2 a.is-active{background:#eef7fb;border-color:#afd2e4!important;}
  .ij-abstract-text-v2,.ij-article-prose{max-width:none;}
  .ij-citation-row-v180{padding:11px;}

  /* Footer mobile rhythm. */
  .ij-footer-grid-editorial{gap:10px!important;}
  .ij-footer-grid-editorial>div{padding:12px 0!important;border-left:0!important;border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.10);}
  .ij-footer-grid-editorial>div:last-child{border-bottom:0;}
  .ij-footer-editorial h3{font-size:12px!important;margin-bottom:7px!important;}
  .ij-footer-editorial p,.ij-footer-editorial li,.ij-footer-editorial a{font-size:10.5px!important;}
  .ij-footer-bottom-inner{gap:6px!important;}

  /* Avoid iOS focus zoom and keep forms comfortable. */
  input:not([type="checkbox"]):not([type="radio"]),select,textarea{font-size:16px!important;}
}

/* Phone: homepage article table becomes genuine cards instead of a 760px horizontal table. */
@media (max-width:680px){
  .ij-published-table-panel{overflow:hidden;}
  .ij-home-article-table-wrap{overflow:visible!important;padding:0 10px 10px;}
  .ij-home-article-table{display:block;min-width:0!important;width:100%;border:0;}
  .ij-home-article-table thead{position:absolute!important;width:1px!important;height:1px!important;overflow:hidden!important;clip:rect(0 0 0 0)!important;white-space:nowrap!important;}
  .ij-home-article-table tbody{display:grid;gap:10px;}
  .ij-home-article-table tr{display:block;border:1px solid var(--ij-ux-line);border-radius:9px;background:#fff;box-shadow:0 4px 14px rgba(3,54,88,.045);overflow:hidden;}
  .ij-home-article-table td{display:grid;grid-template-columns:82px minmax(0,1fr);gap:8px;width:100%;padding:7px 10px!important;border:0!important;border-bottom:1px solid #edf2f6!important;font-size:11px!important;line-height:1.42!important;text-align:left!important;}
  .ij-home-article-table td:last-child{border-bottom:0!important;}
  .ij-home-article-table td::before{content:attr(data-label);font-weight:800;color:#4a6478;}
  .ij-home-article-table td:first-child{width:100%!important;text-align:left!important;background:#f6f9fb;}
  .ij-home-article-table .ij-table-title{font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.35;}
  .ij-table-actions{display:flex;gap:7px;flex-wrap:wrap;}
  .ij-table-actions .ij-mini-btn{min-height:40px;padding-inline:12px;}
}

@media (max-width:520px){
  .ij-container{width:min(calc(100% - 18px),var(--ij-container))!important;}
  .ij-topbar-academic .ij-topbar-left{font-size:11px;line-height:1.35;}
  .ij-current-editorial .ij-current-cover{max-width:138px;margin-inline:auto;}
  .ij-particulars-reference{padding:10px!important;}
  .ij-particulars-grid-main dt,.ij-particulars-grid-main dd{font-size:11px!important;}
  .ij-home-article-table td{grid-template-columns:72px minmax(0,1fr);padding:7px 9px!important;}
  .ij-article-actions-v2{grid-template-columns:1fr!important;}
  .ij-meta-grid-v2{grid-template-columns:1fr!important;}
  .ij-article-hero-v2 .ij-entry-title{font-size:clamp(21px,6.4vw,27px)!important;line-height:1.2!important;}
  .ij-author-line-v2{font-size:14px!important;}
  .ij-affiliations-v2{font-size:12.5px!important;}
  .ij-section-head-tight{gap:8px;align-items:flex-start;}
  .ij-section-head-tight h2{font-size:18px!important;}
}

@media (max-width:380px){
  .ij-branding-academic .custom-logo{width:50px;height:50px;}
  .ij-branding-academic .ij-site-title{font-size:16px!important;}
  .ij-branding-academic .ij-tagline{font-size:11px!important;}
  .ij-trust-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr!important;}
  .ij-trust-item{border-right:0!important;border-bottom:1px solid var(--ij-editorial-line,#dce7ee)!important;}
  .ij-trust-item:last-child{border-bottom:0!important;}
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){
  .ij-sidebar-card,.ij-panel,.ij-article-card{transition:none!important;}
}



/* Journal Theme v2.9.0 — Authentic Academic Header */
.ij-academic-header-shell{position:relative;z-index:900;background:var(--ij-header-bg,#fff);}
.ij-title-abbr{display:none;}
.ij-publisher-identity{margin:5px 0 0;color:var(--ij-muted,#66788a);font-size:12px;line-height:1.35;}
.ij-publisher-identity span{font-weight:500;}
.ij-publisher-identity strong{color:var(--ij-text,#16324a);font-weight:650;}
.ij-academic-profile{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;gap:6px 8px;margin-top:8px;max-width:980px;}
.ij-academic-fact{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;min-height:26px;padding:3px 8px;border:1px solid var(--ij-line,#dce6ee);border-radius:999px;background:var(--ij-soft,#f4f8fb);color:var(--ij-text,#16324a);font-size:11px;line-height:1.25;text-decoration:none;white-space:nowrap;}
a.ij-academic-fact:hover{border-color:var(--ij-primary,#005b96);background:#fff;color:var(--ij-primary,#005b96);text-decoration:none;}
.ij-academic-fact-label{color:var(--ij-muted,#66788a);font-size:9px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.035em;text-transform:uppercase;}
.ij-academic-fact-value{font-weight:650;}
.ij-header-layout-institutional .ij-site-title{letter-spacing:-.012em;}
.ij-header-layout-institutional .ij-brand-meta{align-self:stretch;display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;gap:10px;}
.ij-header-layout-institutional .ij-search form{margin-left:auto;}
.ij-academic-header-shell.ij-shell-sticky{position:sticky;top:0;z-index:1005;transition:box-shadow .18s ease;}
body.admin-bar .ij-academic-header-shell.ij-shell-sticky{top:32px;}
.ij-academic-header-shell.ij-shell-sticky .ij-nav{position:relative!important;top:auto!important;}
.ij-academic-header-shell.ij-shell-sticky.is-condensed{box-shadow:0 7px 24px rgba(0,44,76,.14);}
.ij-academic-header-shell.ij-shell-sticky.is-condensed .ij-topbar{display:none;}
.ij-academic-header-shell.ij-shell-sticky.is-condensed .ij-branding{padding-top:0!important;padding-bottom:0!important;}
.ij-academic-header-shell.ij-shell-sticky.is-condensed .ij-branding-inner{min-height:58px!important;padding-top:5px!important;padding-bottom:5px!important;}
.ij-academic-header-shell.ij-shell-sticky.is-condensed .ij-brand-block{gap:10px;}
.ij-academic-header-shell.ij-shell-sticky.is-condensed .custom-logo{width:46px!important;max-width:46px!important;height:46px!important;}
.ij-academic-header-shell.ij-shell-sticky.is-condensed .ij-site-title{font-size:17px!important;line-height:1.12!important;}
.ij-academic-header-shell.ij-shell-sticky.is-condensed .ij-tagline,
.ij-academic-header-shell.ij-shell-sticky.is-condensed .ij-publisher-identity,
.ij-academic-header-shell.ij-shell-sticky.is-condensed .ij-academic-profile,
.ij-academic-header-shell.ij-shell-sticky.is-condensed .ij-search,
.ij-academic-header-shell.ij-shell-sticky.is-condensed .ij-header-widget-area{display:none!important;}
.ij-academic-header-shell.ij-shell-sticky.is-condensed .ij-branding-inner{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) auto!important;}
.ij-academic-header-shell.ij-shell-sticky.is-condensed .ij-header-actions{display:flex;align-items:center;}
.ij-academic-header-shell.ij-shell-sticky.is-condensed .ij-header-cta{min-height:38px;padding:7px 12px;}

@media(max-width:980px){
  .ij-header-layout-institutional .ij-branding-inner{grid-template-columns:1fr!important;}
  .ij-header-layout-institutional .ij-brand-meta{border-left:0!important;padding-left:0!important;}
  .ij-academic-profile{gap:6px;}
}
@media(max-width:782px){body.admin-bar .ij-academic-header-shell.ij-shell-sticky{top:46px;}}
@media(max-width:760px){
  .ij-mobile-topbar-hidden,.ij-mobile-topbar-essential-empty{display:none!important;}
  .ij-mobile-topbar-essential .ij-topbar-item--email,
  .ij-mobile-topbar-essential .ij-topbar-item--phone,
  .ij-mobile-topbar-essential .ij-topbar-item--custom,
  .ij-mobile-topbar-essential .ij-topbar-right{display:none!important;}
  .ij-mobile-topbar-all .ij-topbar-inner{align-items:center;}
  .ij-mobile-topbar-all .ij-topbar-right{display:flex!important;}
  .ij-mobile-topbar-essential .ij-topbar-inner{min-height:30px;padding:4px 0;}
  .ij-mobile-topbar-essential .ij-topbar-left{width:100%;justify-content:center;gap:5px 12px;}
  .ij-academic-profile{margin-top:7px;overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden;flex-wrap:nowrap;max-width:100%;padding-bottom:2px;scrollbar-width:none;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch;}
  .ij-academic-profile::-webkit-scrollbar{display:none;}
  .ij-academic-fact{flex:0 0 auto;}
  .ij-academic-fact--secondary{display:none;}
  .ij-publisher-identity{font-size:11px;}
  .ij-academic-header-shell.ij-shell-sticky.is-condensed .ij-brand-meta{display:none!important;}
  .ij-academic-header-shell.ij-shell-sticky.is-condensed .ij-title-full{display:none;}
  .ij-academic-header-shell.ij-shell-sticky.is-condensed .ij-title-abbr{display:inline;}
  .ij-academic-header-shell.ij-shell-sticky.is-condensed .ij-branding-inner{display:block!important;}
  .ij-academic-header-shell.ij-shell-sticky.is-condensed .ij-brand-block{display:grid!important;grid-template-columns:auto minmax(0,1fr)!important;}
  .ij-academic-header-shell.ij-shell-sticky.is-condensed .ij-nav-inner{min-height:44px;}
}
@media(max-width:420px){
  .ij-academic-fact-label{display:none;}
  .ij-academic-fact{padding-inline:7px;}
  .ij-publisher-identity{display:none;}
}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.ij-academic-header-shell{transition:none;}}